Table 1 Characteristics of the included subjects

Number of subjects

379,865

Total number of health examinations

2,117,598

 Number of health examination per subject

5 [4–6]

 Time period between baseline to last health examination per subject (years)

8.96 ± 2.12

Variables at baseline health examination

 Sex (male)

199,786 (52.6)

 Age (years)

51.91 ± 9.19

 Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.02 ± 0.68

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

125.38 ± 17.55

 Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.79 ± 2.87

 Current smoker

33,840 (8.9)

Alcohol consumption, frequency per week (times)

 < 1

215,773 (56.8)

 1–2

123,573 (32.5)

 3–4

25,446 (6.7)

 ≥ 5

15,073 (4.0)

Exercise, days per week (days)

 < 1

215,736 (56.8)

 1–4

129,356 (34.1)

 ≥ 5

34,773 (9.2)

Household income

 Q1, low

109,219 (28.8)

 Q2, middle

139,051 (36.6)

 Q3, high

131,595 (34.6)