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Table 2 Follow up 6 (a), and 12 months (b)

From: Cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRTd) in failing heart patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and treated by glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) therapy vs. conventional hypoglycemic drugs: arrhythmic burden, hospitalizations for heart failure, and CRTd responders rate

Parameters

GLP-1 agonist therapy (n 288)

No GLP-1 agonist therapy (n 271)

p value

(a) 6 months follow up

 Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

189.2 ± 16.4

189.6 ± 15.1

n.s.

 HbA1c (mmol/mol)

54.1 ± 12.3

54.0 ± 12.1

n.s

 Basal GLP-1 (pmol/L)

6.84 ± 0.71

6.02 ± 0.65

< 0.05*

 Postprandial GLP-1 (pmol/L)

19.7 ± 2.4

11.5 ± 2.3

< 0.05*

 I NYHA class

17 (5.9)

7 (2.6)

< 0.05*

 II NYHA class

117 (40.6)

79 (29.1)

< 0.05*

 III NYHA class

143 (49.6)

172 (63.5)

< 0.05*

 IV NYHA class

11 (3.8)

13 (4.8)

n.s

 QRS duration

121.8 ± 9.8

123.5 ± 9.4

n.s.

 6MWT

309.7 ± 24.6

226.9 ± 26.7

< 0.05*

 Echocardiographic parameters

  LVEF (%)

32 ± 8

28 ± 6

< 0.05*

  LVEDd (mm)

66 ± 4

63 ± 7

n.s.

  LVESd (mm)

36 ± 4

38 ± 5

n.s.

  LVEDv (mL)

165 ± 24

170 ± 40

n.s.

  LVESv (mL)

111 ± 16

119 ± 32

< 0.05*

  Mitral insufficiency

   + (%)

141 (48.9)

135 (49.8)

n.s.

   ++ (%)

114 (39.6)

101 (37.3)

< 0.05*

   +++ (%)

33 (11.5)

35 (12.9)

n.s.

  CRTd responders (%)

193 (67.4)

155 (57.2)

< 0.05*

 Biomarkers

  Lymphocytes

7.89 ± 2.17

7.52 ± 2.39

n.s.

  Neutrophiles

5.37 ± 1.82

5.67 ± 2.12

n.s.

  BNP (pg/mL)

153.58 ± 12.64

271.43 ± 13.7

< 0.05*

  CRP (mg/L)

7.25 ± 0.69

8.66 ± 0. 94

< 0.05*

  IL6 (pg/mL)

5.53 ± 0.02

6.24 ± 0.04

< 0.05*

  TNFa (pg/mL)

5.36 ± 0.02

6.32 ± 0.02

< 0.05*

(b) 12 months follow up

 Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

185.3 ± 15.8

186.6 ± 15.5

n.s.

 HbA1c (mmol/mol)

52.7 ± 12.5

53.1 ± 12.4

n.s.

 Basal GLP-1 (pmol/L)

6.76 ± 0.74

6.02 ± 0.67

n.s.

 Postprandial GLP-1 (pmol/L)

19.9 ± 2.5

11.5 ± 2.3

< 0.05*

 I NYHA class

17 (5.9)

7 (2.6)

< 0.05*

 II NYHA class

115 (39.9)

80 (29.5)

< 0.05*

 III NYHA class

144 (50)

170 (62.7)

< 0.05*

 IV NYHA class

12 (4.2)

14 (5.2)

n.s

 QRS duration

121.8 ± 9.8

123.5 ± 9.4

n.s.

 6MWT

311.5 ± 25.2

228.2 ± 26.5

< 0.05*

 Echocardiographic parameters

  LVEF (%)

32 ± 8

28 ± 6

< 0.05*

  LVEDd (mm)

66 ± 4

63 ± 7

n.s.

  LVESd (mm)

36 ± 4

38 ± 5

n.s.

  LVEDv (mL)

165 ± 24

170 ± 40

n.s.

  LVESv (mL)

111 ± 16

119 ± 32

< 0.05*

  Mitral insufficiency

   + (%)

144 (50)

137 (50.6)

n.s.

   ++ (%)

116 (40.3)

102 (37.6)

< 0.05*

   +++ (%)

28 (9.7)

32 (11.8)

n.s.

  CRTd responders (%)

193 (67.4)

155 (57.2)

< 0.05*

 Biomarkers

  Lymphocytes

7.90 ± 2.14

7.66 ± 2.36

n.s.

  Neutrophiles

5.35 ± 1.81

5.56 ± 2.09

n.s.

  BNP (pg/mL)

146.38 ± 14.14

262.22 ± 12.95

< 0.05*

  CRP (mg/L)

7.23 ± 0.57

8.32 ± 0. 87

< 0.05*

  IL6 (pg/mL)

5.49 ± 0.02

6.32 ± 0.04

< 0.05*

  TNFa (pg/mL)

5.34 ± 0.02

6.28 ± 0.02

< 0.05*

  1. Clinical characteristics of study population as overall patients (n 559), and GLP-1 agonist therapy (n 288) vs. no-GLP-1 agonist therapy patients (n 271) at 6th and 12th month of follow up
  2. HbA1c: glicated hemoglobin type A1c; GLP-1: glucagone like peptide 1; NYHA: New York Heart Association; 6MWT: 6 min walking test; CRTd: cardiac resynchronization with a defibrillator; BNP: B type natriuretic peptide; IL6: interleukine 6; LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction; LVEDd: left ventricle end diastolic diameter; LVESd: left ventricle end systolic diameter; LVEDv left ventricle end diastolic volume; LVESv: left ventricle end sistolic volume; mitral insufficiency +: low grade; ++: moderate; +++: more than moderate; TNFa: tumor necrosis factor alpha. n.s.: not statistical significant
  3. p value < 0.05 is statistical significant, and marked as *
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840