|
Parameters
|
GLP-1 agonist therapy (n 288)
|
No GLP-1 agonist therapy (n 271)
|
p value
|
|---|
|
(a) 6 months follow up
|
|
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)
|
189.2 ± 16.4
|
189.6 ± 15.1
|
n.s.
|
|
HbA1c (mmol/mol)
|
54.1 ± 12.3
|
54.0 ± 12.1
|
n.s
|
|
Basal GLP-1 (pmol/L)
|
6.84 ± 0.71
|
6.02 ± 0.65
|
< 0.05*
|
|
Postprandial GLP-1 (pmol/L)
|
19.7 ± 2.4
|
11.5 ± 2.3
|
< 0.05*
|
|
I NYHA class
|
17 (5.9)
|
7 (2.6)
|
< 0.05*
|
|
II NYHA class
|
117 (40.6)
|
79 (29.1)
|
< 0.05*
|
|
III NYHA class
|
143 (49.6)
|
172 (63.5)
|
< 0.05*
|
|
IV NYHA class
|
11 (3.8)
|
13 (4.8)
|
n.s
|
|
QRS duration
|
121.8 ± 9.8
|
123.5 ± 9.4
|
n.s.
|
|
6MWT
|
309.7 ± 24.6
|
226.9 ± 26.7
|
< 0.05*
|
|
Echocardiographic parameters
|
|
LVEF (%)
|
32 ± 8
|
28 ± 6
|
< 0.05*
|
|
LVEDd (mm)
|
66 ± 4
|
63 ± 7
|
n.s.
|
|
LVESd (mm)
|
36 ± 4
|
38 ± 5
|
n.s.
|
|
LVEDv (mL)
|
165 ± 24
|
170 ± 40
|
n.s.
|
|
LVESv (mL)
|
111 ± 16
|
119 ± 32
|
< 0.05*
|
|
Mitral insufficiency
|
|
+ (%)
|
141 (48.9)
|
135 (49.8)
|
n.s.
|
|
++ (%)
|
114 (39.6)
|
101 (37.3)
|
< 0.05*
|
|
+++ (%)
|
33 (11.5)
|
35 (12.9)
|
n.s.
|
|
CRTd responders (%)
|
193 (67.4)
|
155 (57.2)
|
< 0.05*
|
|
Biomarkers
|
|
Lymphocytes
|
7.89 ± 2.17
|
7.52 ± 2.39
|
n.s.
|
|
Neutrophiles
|
5.37 ± 1.82
|
5.67 ± 2.12
|
n.s.
|
|
BNP (pg/mL)
|
153.58 ± 12.64
|
271.43 ± 13.7
|
< 0.05*
|
|
CRP (mg/L)
|
7.25 ± 0.69
|
8.66 ± 0. 94
|
< 0.05*
|
|
IL6 (pg/mL)
|
5.53 ± 0.02
|
6.24 ± 0.04
|
< 0.05*
|
|
TNFa (pg/mL)
|
5.36 ± 0.02
|
6.32 ± 0.02
|
< 0.05*
|
|
(b) 12 months follow up
|
|
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)
|
185.3 ± 15.8
|
186.6 ± 15.5
|
n.s.
|
|
HbA1c (mmol/mol)
|
52.7 ± 12.5
|
53.1 ± 12.4
|
n.s.
|
|
Basal GLP-1 (pmol/L)
|
6.76 ± 0.74
|
6.02 ± 0.67
|
n.s.
|
|
Postprandial GLP-1 (pmol/L)
|
19.9 ± 2.5
|
11.5 ± 2.3
|
< 0.05*
|
|
I NYHA class
|
17 (5.9)
|
7 (2.6)
|
< 0.05*
|
|
II NYHA class
|
115 (39.9)
|
80 (29.5)
|
< 0.05*
|
|
III NYHA class
|
144 (50)
|
170 (62.7)
|
< 0.05*
|
|
IV NYHA class
|
12 (4.2)
|
14 (5.2)
|
n.s
|
|
QRS duration
|
121.8 ± 9.8
|
123.5 ± 9.4
|
n.s.
|
|
6MWT
|
311.5 ± 25.2
|
228.2 ± 26.5
|
< 0.05*
|
|
Echocardiographic parameters
|
|
LVEF (%)
|
32 ± 8
|
28 ± 6
|
< 0.05*
|
|
LVEDd (mm)
|
66 ± 4
|
63 ± 7
|
n.s.
|
|
LVESd (mm)
|
36 ± 4
|
38 ± 5
|
n.s.
|
|
LVEDv (mL)
|
165 ± 24
|
170 ± 40
|
n.s.
|
|
LVESv (mL)
|
111 ± 16
|
119 ± 32
|
< 0.05*
|
|
Mitral insufficiency
|
|
+ (%)
|
144 (50)
|
137 (50.6)
|
n.s.
|
|
++ (%)
|
116 (40.3)
|
102 (37.6)
|
< 0.05*
|
|
+++ (%)
|
28 (9.7)
|
32 (11.8)
|
n.s.
|
|
CRTd responders (%)
|
193 (67.4)
|
155 (57.2)
|
< 0.05*
|
|
Biomarkers
|
|
Lymphocytes
|
7.90 ± 2.14
|
7.66 ± 2.36
|
n.s.
|
|
Neutrophiles
|
5.35 ± 1.81
|
5.56 ± 2.09
|
n.s.
|
|
BNP (pg/mL)
|
146.38 ± 14.14
|
262.22 ± 12.95
|
< 0.05*
|
|
CRP (mg/L)
|
7.23 ± 0.57
|
8.32 ± 0. 87
|
< 0.05*
|
|
IL6 (pg/mL)
|
5.49 ± 0.02
|
6.32 ± 0.04
|
< 0.05*
|
|
TNFa (pg/mL)
|
5.34 ± 0.02
|
6.28 ± 0.02
|
< 0.05*
|
- Clinical characteristics of study population as overall patients (n 559), and GLP-1 agonist therapy (n 288) vs. no-GLP-1 agonist therapy patients (n 271) at 6th and 12th month of follow up
- HbA1c: glicated hemoglobin type A1c; GLP-1: glucagone like peptide 1; NYHA: New York Heart Association; 6MWT: 6 min walking test; CRTd: cardiac resynchronization with a defibrillator; BNP: B type natriuretic peptide; IL6: interleukine 6; LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction; LVEDd: left ventricle end diastolic diameter; LVESd: left ventricle end systolic diameter; LVEDv left ventricle end diastolic volume; LVESv: left ventricle end sistolic volume; mitral insufficiency +: low grade; ++: moderate; +++: more than moderate; TNFa: tumor necrosis factor alpha. n.s.: not statistical significant
- p value < 0.05 is statistical significant, and marked as *
