|
Parameters
|
Overall population (n 559)
|
GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy (n 288)
|
No GLP-1 agonist therapy (n 271)
|
p value
|
|---|
|
Age
|
72 ± 6
|
72 ± 7
|
72 ± 6
|
–
|
|
Male (%)
|
403 (72.1)
|
206 (71.5)
|
197 (72.6)
|
–
|
|
Smokers (%)
|
108 (52.4)
|
49 (49.5)
|
59 (55.1)
|
–
|
|
Hypertension (%)
|
394 (70.5)
|
200 (69.4)
|
194 (71.6)
|
–
|
|
Dyslipidemia (%)
|
193 (34.5)
|
101 (35.1)
|
92 (33.9)
|
–
|
|
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)
|
197.4 ± 21.4
|
197.4 ± 24.6
|
197.8 ± 23.2
|
–
|
|
HbA1c (mmol/mol)
|
58.1 ± 16.1
|
58.2 ± 16.2
|
58.0 ± 16.0
|
–
|
|
Basal GLP-1 (pmol/L)
|
6.29 ± 0.65
|
5.86 ± 0.68
|
5.82 ± 0.62
|
–
|
|
Postprandial GLP-1 (pmol/L)
|
14.49 ± 2.79
|
13.17 ± 2.76
|
12.5 ± 2.83
|
–
|
|
BMI > 30 kg/m2 (%)
|
35 (6.3)
|
18 (6.2)
|
17 (6.3)
|
–
|
|
COPD (%)
|
96 (17.2)
|
50 (17.4)
|
46 (17)
|
–
|
|
Renal disease (%)
|
107 (19.1)
|
56 (19.4)
|
51 (18.9)
|
–
|
|
Ischemic heart failure (%)
|
381 (68%)
|
195 (67.7)
|
186 (68.6)
|
–
|
|
II NYHA class (%)
|
133 (23.8)
|
67 (23.3)
|
66 (24.4)
|
–
|
|
III NYHA class (%)
|
426 (76.2)
|
221 (76.7)
|
205 (75.6)
|
–
|
|
QRS duration (ms)
|
138.5 ± 9.4
|
137.8 ± 9.2
|
139.2 ± 9.6
|
–
|
|
6MWT
|
187.90 ± 26.10
|
188.82 ± 26.45
|
186.93 ± 25.74
|
–
|
|
CRTd bipolar pacing (%)
|
121 (21.6)
|
65 (22.6)
|
56 (20.6)
|
–
|
|
CRTd multipolar pacing (%)
|
438 (78.4)
|
227 (78.8)
|
211 (77.8)
|
–
|
|
Echocardiographic parameters
| |
288
|
271
| |
|
LVEF (%)
|
27 ± 5
|
27 ± 6
|
28 ± 4
|
–
|
|
LVEDd (mm)
|
67 ± 8
|
69 ± 6
|
66 ± 9
|
–
|
|
LVESd (mm)
|
43 ± 7
|
42 ± 6
|
44 ± 8
|
–
|
|
LVEDv (mL)
|
197 ± 39
|
194 ± 29
|
200 ± 48
|
–
|
|
LVESv (mL)
|
135 ± 28
|
133 ± 21
|
138 ± 35
|
–
|
|
Mitral insufficiency
|
|
+ (%)
|
280 (50.1)
|
131 (45.5)
|
133 (49.2)
|
–
|
|
++ (%)
|
217 (38.8)
|
110 (38.2)
|
106 (39.1)
|
–
|
|
+++ (%)
|
62 (11.1)
|
47 (16.3)
|
32 (11.8)
|
–
|
|
Medications at baseline
|
|
Amiodarone (%)
|
117 (20.9)
|
60 (20.8)
|
57 (21)
|
–
|
|
Aspirin (%)
|
225 (40.2)
|
119 (41.3)
|
106 (39.1)
|
–
|
|
ACE inhibitors (%)
|
152 (27.2)
|
132 (45.8)
|
120 (44.2)
|
–
|
|
ARS blockers (%)
|
168 (30)
|
85 (29.5)
|
83 (30.6)
|
–
|
|
Sacubitril/valsartan (%)
|
140 (25)
|
73 (25.3)
|
67 (24.7)
|
–
|
|
Beta blockers
|
|
Carvedilol (%)
|
171 (30.6)
|
89 (30.9)
|
82 (30.3)
|
–
|
|
Bisoprolol (%)
|
82 (39.8)
|
37 (37.4)
|
45 (42)
|
–
|
|
Warfarin (%)
|
196 (35.1)
|
97 (33.7)
|
99 (36.5)
|
–
|
|
NOAC (%)
|
111 (19.9)
|
57 (19.8)
|
54 (19.9)
|
–
|
|
Tiklopidine (%)
|
10 (1.8)
|
5 (1.7)
|
5 (1.8)
|
–
|
|
Calcium antagonist (%)
|
19 (3.4)
|
11 (3.8)
|
8 (3.0)
|
–
|
|
Ivabradine (%)
|
165 (29.5)
|
89 (30.9)
|
76 (28)
|
–
|
|
Digoxin (%)
|
176 (31.5)
|
87 (30.2)
|
89 (32.8)
|
–
|
|
Loop diuretics (%)
|
506 (90.5)
|
265 (92)
|
241 (88.9)
|
–
|
|
Aldosterone blockers (%)
|
361 (64.6)
|
180 (62.5)
|
181 (66.8)
|
–
|
|
Statins (%)
|
397 (71)
|
202 (70.1)
|
195 (72)
|
–
|
|
Anti diabetic drugs, n (%)
|
|
Insulins (%)
|
63 (11.3)
|
33 (11.5)
|
30 (11.1)
|
–
|
|
Metformin (%)
|
175 (31.3)
|
87 (30.2)
|
90 (33.2)
|
–
|
|
Sulfonylureas (%)
|
109 (19.5)
|
56 (19.4)
|
53 (19.6)
|
–
|
|
Thiazolidinediones (%)
|
41 (7.3)
|
22 (7.6)
|
19 (7.1)
|
–
|
|
GLP-1 agonist (%)
|
288 (48.1)
|
288 (100)
|
–
|
–
|
|
GLP1 agonist (%)
|
|
Liraglutide
|
71 (12)
|
68 (23.6)
|
–
|
–
|
|
Lixenatide
|
117 (21)
|
220 (76.4)
|
–
|
–
|
|
DPP4 inhibitors (%)
|
|
Sitagliptin
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Linagliptin
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Biomarkers
|
|
Lymphocytes
|
7.92 ± 2.13
|
7.92 ± 2.12
|
7.62 ± 2.36
|
–
|
|
Neutrophiles
|
5.31 ± 1.81
|
5.32 ± 1.80
|
5.26 ± 2.07
|
–
|
|
BNP (pg/mL)
|
365.5 ± 9.98
|
353.71 ± 13.45
|
378.03 ± 14.8
|
–
|
|
CRP (mg/L)
|
9.39 ± 0.51
|
9.43 ± 0. 57
|
9.14 ± 0.56
|
–
|
|
IL6 (pg/mL)
|
6.65 ± 0.03
|
6.58 ± 0.02
|
6.74 ± 0.05
|
–
|
|
TNFa (pg/mL)
|
6.37 ± 0.01
|
6.36 ± 0.02
|
6.37 ± 0.02
|
–
|
- HbA1c: glicated hemoglobin type A1c; GLP-1: glucagone like peptide 1; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NYHA: New York Heart Association; 6MWT: 6 min walking test; n.s.: not statistical significant; LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction; LVEDd: left ventricle end diastolic diameter; LVESd: left ventricle end systolic diameter; LVEDv left ventricle end diastolic volume; LVESv: left ventricle end sistolic volume; mitral insufficiency +: low grade; ++: moderate; +++: more than moderate; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARS: angiotensin receptor; NOAC: new oral anticoagulant; DPP4: Di-Peptidil-Peptidasi IV; BNP: B type natriuretic peptide; CRP: C reactive protein; IL6: interleukine 6; TNFa: tumor necrosis factor alpha. Symbol “–” is for p value > 0.05
