Fig. 2

Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes: Hyperglycemia leads to increase production of ROS and RNS resulting oxidative stress. Oxidative stress affects vascular homeostasis by causing increased vasoconstriction and impaired vasorelaxation and eventually leads to endothelial dysfunction. ROS reactive oxygen species, RNS reactive nitrogen species, eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NO nitric oxide, AGE advanced glycation end products, PKC protein kinase, NF-κB nuclear factor-κB