Table 4 Clinical features of type 2 diabetic patients with visceral fat accumulation and low muscle quality
From: Low muscle quality in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with visceral fat accumulation
|  | Visceral fat accumulation (−) group | Visceral fat accumulation (+) group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle quality | p value | Muscle quality | p value | |||
High group | Low group | High group | Low group | |||
n (males/females) | 36 (25/11) | 18 (8/10) | 0.087a | 56 (46/10) | 73 (47/26) | 0.030 a |
Age (years) | 65.5 ± 11.4 | 74.3 ± 7.7 | 0.005 | 61.4 ± 13.3 | 64.4 ± 12.5 | 0.192 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 5 (0–30) | 20 (8–29) | 0.344 | 5 (1–13) | 12 (6–21) | 0.007 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 20.0 ± 2.4 | 21.5 ± 2.7 | 0.040 | 26.5 ± 3.8 | 27.9 ± 4.0 | 0.042 |
WC (cm) | 79.3 ± 6.7 | 83.3 ± 8.5 | 0.066 | 97.8 ± 10.3 | 100.5 ± 10.5 | 0.125 |
eVFA (cm2) | 63.3 ± 21.7 | 75.1 ± 21.5 | 0.067 | 164.8 ± 39.7 | 168.9 ± 40.0 | 0.565 |
Grip strength (kg) | 24.8 ± 7.7 | 13.4 ± 5.4 | < 0.001 | 30.9 ± 8.0 | 20.0 ± 7.8 | < 0.001 |
Skeletal mass index (kg/m2) | 6.3 ± 0.9 | 6.0 ± 0.9 | 0.213 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 7.4 ± 1.2 | 0.945 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 131.7 ± 24.1 | 140.0 ± 22.2 | 0.224 | 130.2 ± 15.3 | 130.9 ± 18.6 | 0.831 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.0 ± 11.5 | 72.9 ± 9.4 | 0.196 | 77.8 ± 11.0 | 76.0 ± 13.4 | 0.414 |
HbA1c (%) | 9.6 ± 2.2 | 10.1 ± 3.5 | 0.605 | 9.9 ± 1.9 | 9.2 ± 1.7 | 0.032 |
Serum C-peptide (ng/ml) | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 0.058 | 2.0 ± 1.4 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 0.679 |
ALT (U/l) | 29.2 ± 37.6 | 21.1 ± 12.8 | 0.380 | 35.2 ± 26.3 | 31.5 ± 33.8 | 0.580 |
UA (mg/dl) | 4.5 ± 1.6 | 5.0 ± 1.6 | 0.355 | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.6 | 0.394 |
eGFR (ml/min) | 76.8 ± 31.9 | 57.0 ± 26.5 | 0.027 | 72.9 ± 26.0 | 61.1 ± 26.6 | 0.016 |
HDL-C (mg/dl) | 57.3 ± 23.1 | 47.9 ± 17.4 | 0.135 | 45.0 ± 13.3 | 41.1 ± 12.5 | 0.090 |
TG (mg/dl) | 123 (82–173) | 116 (82–167) | 0.890 | 187 (127–267) | 152 (113–213) | 0.077 |
LDL-C (mg/dl) | 101.7 ± 33.9 | 91.1 ± 38.5 | 0.306 | 119.4 ± 38.3 | 102.7 ± 34.4 | 0.011 |
hs-CRP (mg/dl) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.153 | 0.1 (0.1–0.4) | 0.1 (0.1–0.4) | 0.301 |
Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 11.3 (7.3–16.9) | 8.2 (6.5–15.7) | 0.878 | 5.3 (3.7–8.2) | 6.6 (4.8–10.6) | 0.009 |
BNP (pg/ml) | 22.4 (15.0–59.5) | 28.0 (15.1–49.9) | 0.302 | 10.7 (4.9–21.7) | 16.4 (8.1–29.8) | 0.726 |
CCA max IMT (mm) | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 0.013 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.505 |
PWV (m/s) | 1791 ± 463 | 2051 ± 370 | 0.054 | 1744 ± 329 | 1814 ± 358 | 0.262 |
MCV (m/s) | 50.2 ± 3.7 | 48.3 ± 4.1 | 0.100 | 50.8 ± 3.9 | 48.5 ± 4.9 | 0.003 |
Hypertension | 58% | 72% | 0.382a | 64% | 75% | 0.180a |
Hyperuricemia | 17% | 17% | 1.000a | 30% | 30% | 1.000a |
Dyslipidemia | 72% | 89% | 0.298a | 91% | 89% | 0.775a |
Fatty liver | 33% | 28% | 0.764a | 76% (41/54) | 65% (47/72) | 0.241a |
Cardiovascular disease | 33% | 61% | 0.080a | 18% | 41% | 0.007 a |