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Table 5 Comparison of baroreflex sensitivity according to subgroups

From: Visit-to-visit HbA1c variability is inversely related to baroreflex sensitivity independently of HbA1c value in type 2 diabetes

Subgroup

No (%)

HbA1c CV (%)

p value

HbA1c SD (%)

p value

Adjusted HbA1c SD (%)

p value

BRS (msec/mmHg)

p value

Sex

  

0.140

 

0.186

 

0.181

 

0.550

 Male

39 (68)

0.053 (0.032–0.082)

 

0.37 (0.23–0.66)

 

0.36 (0.23–0.64)

 

7.7 ± 2.7

 

 Female

18 (32)

0.040 (0.021–0.070)

 

0.29 (0.13–0.59)

 

0.27 (0.13–0.57)

 

7.3 ± 2.8

 

Hypertension

  

0.088

 

0.107

 

0.095

 

0.011

 Yes

42 (74)

0.055 (0.032–0.090)

 

0.40 (0.24–0.67)

 

0.39 (0.23–0.64)

 

7.0 ± 2.5*

 

 No

15 (26)

0.032 (0.026–0.059)

 

0.21 (0.17–0.62)

 

0.20 (0.16–0.59)

 

9.1 ± 2.9

 

Dyslipidemia

  

0.585

 

0.694

 

0.713

 

0.903

 Yes

51 (89)

0.049 (0.029–0.089)

 

0.33 (0.18–0.66)

 

0.31 (0.18–0.64)

 

7.6 ± 2.6

 

 No

6 (11)

0.051 (0.024–0.060)

 

0.33 (0.15–0.51)

 

0.32 (0.14–0.49)

 

7.7 ± 3.7

 

Insulin use

  

0.422

 

0.233

 

0.223

 

0.655

 Yes

6 (11)

0.061 (0.042–0.091)

 

0.54 (0.32–0.83)

 

0.52 (0.31–0.80)

 

7.1 ± 3.8

 

 No

51 (89)

0.048 (0.028–0.082)

 

0.32 (0.18–0.63)

 

0.31 (0.17–0.59)

 

7.6 ± 2.6

 

Sulfonylurea use

  

0.043

 

0.018

 

0.015

 

0.028

 Yes

17 (30)

0.065 (0.035–0.103)*

 

0.60 (0.26–0.88)*

 

0.59 (0.25–0.85)*

 

6.4 ± 2.1*

 

 No

40 (70)

0.047 (0.025–0.065)

 

0.32 (0.16–0.47)

 

0.30 (0.16–0.46)

 

8.1 ± 2.8

 

Statin use

  

0.108

 

0.132

 

0.124

 

0.035

 Yes

20 (35)

0.062 (0.041–0.105)

 

0.45 (0.27–0.80)

 

0.44 (0.26–0.76)

 

6.6 ± 2.6*

 

 No

37 (65)

0.047 (0.027–0.065)

 

0.32 (0.17–0.51)

 

0.30 (0.16–0.49)

 

8.1 ± 2.6

 

RAAS inhibitor use

  

0.635

 

0.600

 

0.544

 

0.526

 Yes

22 (39)

0.049 (0.032–0.069)

 

0.35 (0.24–0.52)

 

0.34 (0.23–0.50)

 

7.3 ± 2.6

 

 No

35 (61)

0.049 (0.027–0.089)

 

0.32 (0.17–0.63)

 

0.30 (0.17–0.60)

 

7.8 ± 2.8

 

CCB use

  

0.272

 

0.349

 

0.324

 

0.241

 Yes

24 (42)

0.062 (0.030–0.087)

 

0.44 (0.24–0.65)

 

0.43 (0.23–0.63)

 

7.1 ± 2.4

 

 No

33 (58)

0.045 (0.028–0.080)

 

0.31 (0.18–0.63)

 

0.30 (0.17–0.59)

 

7.9 ± 2.9

 

Beta-blocker use

  

0.902

 

1.000

 

0.989

 

0.462

 Yes

5 (9)

0.048 (0.027–0.085)

 

0.33 (0.20–0.71)

 

0.32 (0.19–0.69)

 

8.4 ± 3.7

 

 No

52 (91)

0.050 (0.028–0.081)

 

0.33 (0.18–0.63)

 

0.31 (0.17–0.60)

 

7.5 ± 2.6

 
  1. Values are mean ± SD, median (25th–75th percentiles) or no. (%)
  2. BRS baroreflex sensitivity, CV coefficient of variation, SD standard deviation, RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, CCB calcium-channel blocker
  3. * p value corresponds to the Student’s t test or the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840