Table 2 Risk factors associated with cardiovascular outcomes of interest
Variables | Univariable analyses | Multivariable analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ROC | 95% CI | |
Cardiovascular disease (composite) | ||||||
 Female sex | 0.50 (0.35–0.71) | < 0.001 | 0.90 (0.46–1.78) | 0.764 | 0.88 | 0.84–0.92 |
 Age (years) | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | < 0.001 | ||
 Diabetes duration group | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | < 0.001 | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | 0.018 | ||
 HbA1c (%) | 1.04 (0.95–1.15) | 0.386 |  |  | ||
 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.36 (0.21–0.62) | < 0.001 | 0.43 (0.21–0.90) | 0.025 | ||
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 0.073 | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 0.048 | ||
 BMI categories | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.937 |  |  | ||
 Ever smoked | 3.39 (2.32–4.95) | < 0.001 | 2.40 (1.26–4.58) | 0.008 | ||
 Albuminuria | 2.30 (1.49–3.56) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.96 (0.96–0.97) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Antihypertensive Rx | 9.74 (6.54–14.49) | < 0.001 | 2.44 (1.15–5.18) | 0.020 | ||
 Lipid lowering Rx | 10.13 (6.76–15.17) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Retinopathy | 5.07 (3.53–7.28) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
Stroke | ||||||
 Female sex | 0.33 (0.15–0.72) | 0.006 | 0.49 (0.16–1.47) | 0.201 | 0.81 | 0.74–0.88 |
 Age (years) | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | < 0.001 | 1.05 (1.01–1.08) | 0.006 | ||
 Diabetes duration group | 1.08 (1.03–1.12) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 HbA1c (%) | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | 0.062 |  |  | ||
 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.26 (0.09–0.77) | 0.015 |  |  | ||
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.016 |  |  | ||
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.928 |  |  | ||
 BMI categories | 1.02 (0.96–1.10) | 0.514 |  |  | ||
 Ever smoked | 2.32 (1.10–4.92) | 0.027 |  |  | ||
 Albuminuria | 2.27 (0.97–5.31) | 0.059 |  |  | ||
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | < 0.001 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.030 | ||
 Antihypertensive Rx | 7.85 (3.47–17.74) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Lipid lowering Rx | 7.54 (3.35–16.95) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
 Retinopathy | 3.87 (1.88–7.96) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
Myocardial infarction | ||||||
 Female sex | 0.41 (0.23–0.72) | 0.002 | 0.97 (0.39–2.41) | 0.943 | 0.90 | 0.87–0.94 |
 Age (years) | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) | < 0.001 | ||
 Diabetes duration group | 1.12 (1.08–1.17) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 HbA1c (%) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.647 |  |  | ||
 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.24 (0.10–0.58) | 0.002 | 0.20 (0.06–0.68) | 0.010 | ||
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 0.707 |  |  | ||
 BMI categories | 1.01 (0.95–1.06) | 0.842 |  |  | ||
 Ever smoked | 2.31 (1.30–4.10) | 0.004 |  |  | ||
 Albuminuria | 2.20 (1.15–4.21) | 0.017 |  |  | ||
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Antihypertensive Rx | 23.91 (10.12–56.49) | < 0.001 | 5.06 (1.38–18.54) | 0.014 | ||
 Lipid lowering Rx | 18.21 (8.14–40.73) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Retinopathy | 3.67 (2.12–6.35) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
Coronary artery bypass graft/angioplasty | ||||||
 Female sex | 0.38 (0.22–0.68) | 0.001 | 0.93 (0.34–2.52) | 0.884 | 0.92 | 0.89-0.95 |
 Age (years) | 1.09 (1.07–1.12) | < 0.001 | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | 0.001 | ||
 Diabetes duration group | 1.21 (1.13–1.30) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 HbA1c (%) | 0.96 (0.81–1.12) | 0.586 |  |  | ||
 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.27 (0.11–0.67) | 0.005 | 0.23 (0.06–0.92) | 0.038 | ||
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 0.171 |  |  | ||
 BMI categories | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 0.263 |  |  | ||
 Ever smoked | 2.18 (1.25–3.81) | 0.006 |  |  | ||
 Albuminuria | 1.82 (0.93–3.59) | 0.082 |  |  | ||
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Antihypertensive Rx | 38.63 (13.83–107.88) | < 0.001 | 8.96 (1.12–71.54) | 0.039 | ||
 Lipid lowering Rx | 36.00 (12.91–100.41) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Retinopathy | 4.45 (2.57–7.69) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |
Peripheral vascular disease | ||||||
 Female sex | 0.73 (0.46–1.16) | 0.180 | 1.08 (0.49–2.39) | 0.851 | 0.85 | 0.81–0.90 |
 Age (years) | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | < 0.001 | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.005 | ||
 Diabetes duration group | 1.11 (1.08–1.15) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 HbA1c (%) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 0.171 |  |  | ||
 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.37 (0.18–0.77) | 0.008 |  |  | ||
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.009 |  |  | ||
 BMI categories | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 0.653 |  |  | ||
 Ever smoked | 3.67 (2.22–6.08) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Albuminuria | 2.97 (1.65–5.34) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | < 0.001 | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | 0.002 | ||
 Antihypertensive Rx | 5.26 (3.25–8.53) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Lipid lowering Rx | 5.22 (3.21–8.46) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Retinopathy | 6.41 (3.95–10.41) | < 0.001 | 2.47 (1.06–5.74) | 0.036 |  |  |
Congestive cardiac failure | ||||||
 Female sex | 1.00 (0.36–2.78) | 0.964 | 1.51 (0.30–7.47) | 0.614 | 0.90 | 0.84–0.95 |
 Age (years) | 1.10 (1.06–1.14) | < 0.001 | 1.15 (1.05–1.25) | 0.002 | ||
 Diabetes duration group | 1.16 (1.05–1.29) | 0.004 |  |  | ||
 HbA1c (%) | 0.97 (0.70–1.34) | 0.858 |  |  | ||
 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.68 (0.90–3.16) | 0.104 |  |  | ||
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.157 |  |  | ||
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.195 |  |  | ||
 BMI categories | 1.20 (1.05–1.38) | 0.008 |  |  | ||
 Ever smoked | 1.40 (0.50–3.90) | 0.515 |  |  | ||
 Albuminuria | 5.30 (1.36–20.70) | 0.016 |  |  | ||
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.95 (0.94–0.97) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Antihypertensive Rx | 37.42 (4.90–285.81) | < 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Lipid Lowering Rx | 6.70 (2.12–21.21) | 0.001 |  |  | ||
 Retinopathy | 20.75 (4.65–92.51) | < 0.001 |  |  |  | |