Fig. 1

Adverse effects of maternal diabetes exposure and Hif1a mutation on the survival, and heart weight of the offspring. Average number of surviving Hif1a^+/− pups per litter from diabetic pregnancy at P7 compared to non-diabetic pregnancy (a). The body weight (b), heart weight (c), and heart/body ratio (d) in all groups of 12-week-old Wt and Hif1a^+/− mice from non-diabetic and diabetic pregnancies. The values are mean ± SEM (a n = 11 litters of non-diabetic pregnancy, n = 10 litters of diabetic pregnancy; b–d n = 20 Wt from non-diabetic pregnancy, n = 15 Wt from diabetic pregnancy, n = 15 for Hif1a^+/− from non-diabetic pregnancy, n = 10 Hif1a^+/− from diabetic pregnancy). Statistical significance assessed by two-way ANOVA: diabetes effect (number of pups/litter, P = 0.0391; body weight, P < 0.0001; heart weight, P = 0.0124; heart/body weight, P = 0.0003); and interaction between genotype and diabetes (heart/body weight, P = 0.0362). *Significant differences by post hoc Tukey’s multiple-comparison test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. e–h Representative scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the posterior half of the 12-week-old mouse heart