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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study subjects according to sex-specific SMI tertile (N = 14,830)

From: Increase in relative skeletal muscle mass over time and its inverse association with metabolic syndrome development: a 7-year retrospective cohort study

 

Lowest tertile

(n = 4943)

Middle tertile

(n = 4944)

Highest tertile

(n = 4943)

P value

Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) (%)

28.6 (2.6)

31.0 (2.3)

33.6 (2.5)

 

 Men

30.7 (1.1)

32.9 (0.5)

35.4 (1.4)

 

 Women

25.9 (1.2)

28.4 (0.6)

31.1 (1.4)

 

Age (year)

52.7 (8.5)

50.5 (7.5)

49.0 (7.6)

< 0.001

Sex (women)

2118 (42.8)

2118 (42.8)

2118 (42.8)

1.000

Waist circumference (cm)

85.5 (8.3)

81.5 (7.8)

77.3 (7.6)

< 0.001

Body weight (kg)

67.0 (10.8)

64.6 (10.2)

61.7 (9.8)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

25.1 (2.5)

23.4 (2.1)

21.8 (2.1)

< 0.001

Obesity, n (%)

2459 (49.8)

1125 (22.8)

321 (6.5)

< 0.001

ASM (kg)

19.3 (4.3)

20.2 (4.3)

20.8 (4.3)

< 0.001

ASM/BMI (m2)

0.768 (0.133)

0.856 (0.132)

0.952 (0.145)

< 0.001

Fat mass (kg)

20.0 (4.0)

16.1 (2.7)

12.4 (3.0)

< 0.001

Percent fat mass (%)

30.1 (5.2)

25.2 (4.2)

20.2 (4.3)

< 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

755 (15.3)

477 (9.6)

348 (7.0)

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

117.5 (15.2)

114.3 (14.9)

111.6 (14.6)

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

72.4 (10.4)

70.9 (10.6)

69.3 (10.5)

< 0.001

Smoking, never/past/current, n (%)

2801/1367/775

(56.7/27.7/15.7)

2726/1382/836

(55.1/28.0/16.9)

2751/1329/863

(55.7/26.9/17.5)

0.132

Regular exercise, n (%)

829 (16.8)

692 (14.0)

716 (14.5)

< 0.001

Family history of diabetes, n (%)

476 (9.6)

544 (11.0)

5.31 (10.7)

0.060

IFG, n (%)

627 (12.7)

589 (11.9)

485 (9.8)

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

5.4 (0.4)

5.3 (0.4)

5.3 (0.4)

< 0.001

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

90.3 (8.8)

89.6 (8.9)

88.4 (9.0)

< 0.001

Fasting insulin (μIU/mL)a

9.65 (3.98)

8.52 (3.22)

7.74 (3.12)

< 0.001

HOMA-IRa

2.17 (0.93)

1.90 (0.76)

1.71 (0.73)

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

89.3 (12.9)

88.7 (12.2)

88.5 (12.0)

0.005

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

200.9 (33.5)

195.8 (31.9)

189.9 (31.6)

< 0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

125.4 (66.6)

117.4 (67.4)

101.7 (61.3)

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

56.4 (13.0)

57.2 (13.5)

60.5 (14.6)

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

129.4 (29.3)

124.8 (27.8)

117.5 (27.8)

< 0.001

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

0.14 (0.42)

0.11 (0.29)

0.09 (0.27)

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or number (percent)
  2. ASM appendicular skeletal muscle mass, BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, IFG impaired fasting glucose, LDL low density lipoprotein, SBP systolic blood pressure, SMI skeletal muscle mass index
  3. aA total of 9963 subjects were analyzed due to missing fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840