Table 1 Baseline characteristics of diabetic patients taking metformin plus DPP4i versus other hypoglycemic agents, before and after propensity score weighting
| Â | Before weighting | After weighting | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DPP4i users | Non-DPP4i users | Standardized mean difference | DPP4i users | Non-DPP4i users | Standardized mean difference | |
(n = 16,017) | (n = 74,863) | (n = 16,017) | (n = 74,863) | |||
Follow-up time (years) | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 2.04 ± 1.21 | 2.41 ± 1.27 |  | 2.07 ± 2.90 | 2.41 ± 1.39 |  |
Age at index date | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 54.51 ± 12.53 | 54.88 ± 12.20 |  | 54.43 ± 30.16 | 54.88 ± 13.41 |  |
 < 65 year | 80.23% | 79.59% | 0.0162 | 79.87% | 79.70% | 0.0043 |
 ≥ 65 years | 19.77% | 20.41% |  | 20.13% | 20.30% |  |
Gender | 0.0162 |  |  | − 0.0008 | ||
 Female | 42.64% | 41.84% |  | 41.95% | 41.99% |  |
History of comorbidity | ||||||
 Hypertension | 58.33% | 57.34% | 0.0199 | 57.38% | 57.52% | − 0.0029 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 59.76% | 56.96% | 0.0567 | 57.51% | 57.44% | 0.0014 |
 Ischemic heart disease | 2.57% | 2.02% | 0.0386 | 2.10% | 2.11% | − 0.0006 |
 Heart valve surgery | 0.09% | 0.05% | 0.0200 | 0.05% | 0.05% | − 0.0032 |
 Obstructive sleep apnea | 0.00% | 0.00% |  | 0.00% | 0.00% |  |
 Hyperthyroidism | 2.68% | 2.08% | 0.0406 | 2.19% | 2.19% | 0.0003 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 7.56% | 7.09% | 0.0182 | 7.11% | 7.17% | − 0.0024 |
 PAOD | 0.51% | 0.36% | 0.0239 | 0.36% | 0.39% | − 0.0038 |
 Gout | 19.31% | 20.61% | − 0.0323 | 20.37% | 20.39% | − 0.0006 |
 Chronic lung disease | 1.29% | 1.35% | − 0.0049 | 1.31% | 1.34% | − 0.0026 |
 Congestive heart failure | 0.28% | 0.13% | 0.0355 | 0.15% | 0.16% | − 0.0015 |
Medication | ||||||
 Beta-blocker | 13.78% | 13.75% | 0.0008 | 13.67% | 13.75% | − 0.0026 |
 Diltiazem/verapamil | 3.02% | 2.38% | 0.0408 | 2.48% | 2.49% | − 0.0002 |
 Statin | 33.60% | 25.83% | 0.1745 | 27.18% | 27.20% | − 0.0005 |
 ACEI/ARB | 36.62% | 30.55% | 0.1305 | 31.66% | 31.61% | 0.0012 |