Table 1 Patient characteristics according to tertiles of cfPWV (n = 614)
|  | First tertile 4.5–8.5 m/s | Second tertile 8.6–11.3 m/s | Third tertile 11.4–23.4 mmHg | p value for linearity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 204) | (n = 205) | (n = 205) | ||
Age (years) | 45.2 (12.3) | 54.9 (9.4) | 63.0 (8.6) | <Â 0.001 |
Sex (male/female, %) | 51/49 | 53/47 | 62/38 | 0.047 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (3.5) | 25.0 (4.2) | 25.9 (4.0) | 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.9 (1.2) | 8.2 (1.2) | 8.0 (1.0) | 0.054 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 63 (13.2) | 66 (13.3) | 64 (10.5) | 0.054 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 20.9 (14.4) | 33.8 (12.6) | 42.5 (12.5) | <Â 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.69 (0.78) | 4.64 (0.90) | 4.75 (0.88) | 0.454 |
Smoking at baseline (%) | 20.1 | 24.4 | 15.1 | 0.183 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123 (12) | 131 (16) | 143 (18) | <Â 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74 (9) | 76 (10) | 74 (9) | 0.145 |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 90 (9) | 94 (11) | 97 (11) | <Â 0.001 |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 49 (10) | 55 (12) | 69 (15) | <Â 0.001 |
cfPWV (m/s) | 7.4 [6.5–7.8] | 9.8 [9.1–10.5] | 13.6 [12.3–15.5] | – |
Antihypertensive medication (%) | 43.1 | 77.6 | 89.8 | <Â 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 100 [85–108] | 89 [63–99] | 74 [53–91] | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease (%) | 7.4 | 20.0 | 31.2 | <Â 0.001 |
Albuminuria (normo-/micro-/macro-, %) | 69/18/13 | 45/26/29 | 32/25/43 | <Â 0.001 |
Retinopathy (no/non-proliferative/proliferative/blind, %) | 44/41/15/0 | 14/52/32/2 | 5/34/56/5 | <Â 0.001 |
Z-score lnMMP-1 | − 0.23 (0.95) | 0.11 (1.03) | 0.08 (0.90) | < 0.001 |
Z-score lnMMP-2 | − 0.47 (0.95) | − 0.02 (0.89) | 0.43 (0.95) | < 0.001 |
Z-score lnMMP-3 | − 0.37 (0.91) | 0.00 (1.00) | 0.38 (0.84) | < 0.001 |
Z-score lnMMP-9 | − 0.18 (0.92) | 0.11 (0.95) | 0.07 (0.98) | 0.004 |
Z-score lnMMP-10 | − 0.27 (0.98) | 0.07 (1.06) | 0.18 (0.93) | < 0.001 |
Z-score lnTIMP-1 | − 0.26 (0.74) | 0.00 (1.28) | 0.20 (0.85) | < 0.001 |