Inverse associations between serum levels of secreted frizzled-related protein-5 (SFRP5) and multiple cardiometabolic risk factors: KORA F4 study

Carstensen-Kirberg, Maren; Kannenberg, Julia M.; Huth, Cornelia; Meisinger, Christa; Koenig, Wolfgang; Heier, Margit; Peters, Annette; Rathmann, Wolfgang; Roden, Michael; Herder, Christian; Thorand, Barbara

doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0591-x

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 2 Associations between SFRP5 and cardiometabolic risk factors in the KORA F4 study

From: Inverse associations between serum levels of secreted frizzled-related protein-5 (SFRP5) and multiple cardiometabolic risk factors: KORA F4 study

Variable	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
Variable	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)^a	−0.12 (−0.18; −0.06)	<0.001	−0.12 (−0.18; −0.05)	<0.001	−0.05 (−0.11; 0.02)	0.162	−0.06 (−0.12; 0.00)	0.061
2-h glucose (mmol/l)^a	−0.33 (−0.53; −0.12)	0.002	−0.30 (−0.51; −0.10)	0.004	−0.11 (−0.32; 0.10)	0.301	−0.13 (−0.34; 0.08)	0.228
HbA1c (%)^a	−0.08 (−0.12; −0.05)	<0.001	−0.08 (−0.12; −0.05)	<0.001	−0.06 (−0.10; −0.03)	0.001	−0.07 (−0.11; −0.03)	<0.001
Fasting insulin (µU/ml)^a,b	−0.17 (−0.29; −0.05)	0.007	−0.16 (−0.28; −0.04)	0.010	0.05 (−0.07; 0.16)	0.446	0.06 (−0.06; 0.18)	0.367
2-h insulin (µU/ml)^a,b	−0.21 (−0.33; −0.09)	0.001	−0.20 (−0.31; −0.08)	0.001	−0.03 (−0.14; 0.09)	0.647	−0.03 (−0.15; 0.08)	0.571
HOMA-IR^a,b	−0.20 (−0.33; −0.07)	0.002	−0.19 (−0.32; −0.06)	0.003	0.04 (−0.09; 0.16)	0.573	0.04 (−0.08; 0.16)	0.518
ISI (composite) (1/((mmol/l) × (pmol/l)))^a,b	0.25 (0.13; 0.37)	<0.001	0.24 (0.12; 0.36)	<0.001	0.02 (−0.09; 0.14)	0.707	0.03 (−0.09; 0.14)	0.667
HOMA-β^a	−0.08 (−0.20; 0.03)	0.170	−0.08 (−0.19; 0.04)	0.206	0.08 (−0.04; 0.19)	0.207	0.09 (−0.03; 0.21)	0.126
BMI (kg/m²)	−1.80 (−2.16; −1.44)	<0.001	−1.77 (−2.12; −1.42)	<0.001	N/A	N/A	−1.56 (−1.90; −1.23)	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	−4.30 (−5.21; −3.40)	<0.001	−4.23 (−5.12; −3.34)	<0.001	−0.27 (−0.71; 0.17)	0.229	−0.17 (−0.62; 0.28)	0.451
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)^c	−4.19 (−6.46; −1.92)	<0.001	−3.99 (−6.28; −1.70)	0.001	−3.36 (−5.76; −0.95)	0.007	−3.40 (−5.83; −0.97)	0.006
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)^c	−1.56 (−2.73; −0.40)	0.009	−1.49 (−2.67; −0.32)	0.013	−0.95 (−2.18; 0.28)	0.131	−1.07 (−2.31; 0.16)	0.089
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)^d	0.09 (0.05; 0.12)	<0.001	0.08 (0.05; 0.12)	<0.001	0.03 (0.00; 0.06)	0.070	0.04 (0.01; 0.08)	0.009
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)^d	−0.04 (−0.13; 0.04)	0.334	−0.04 (−0.13; 0.04)	0.346	−0.06 (−0.15; 0.04)	0.229	−0.05 (−0.14; 0.04)	0.302
Triglycerides (mmol/l)^b,d	−0.08 (−0.15; −0.01)	0.026	−0.08 (−0.15; −0.01)	0.029	0.01 (−0.06; 0.08)	0.690	−0.02 (−0.09; 0.05)	0.646
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min per 1.73 m²)^e	−2.67 (−3.80; −1.54)	<0.001	−2.70 (−3.82; −1.58)	0.001	−3.74 (−4.89; −2.59)	<0.001	−3.77 (−4.91; −2.63)	<0.001
hsCRP (mg/l)^b	−0.32 (−0.45; −0.20)	<0.001	−0.31 (−0.44; −0.19)	<0.001	−0.16 (−0.28; −0.04)	0.012	−0.18 (−0.31; −0.06)	0.005
IL-6 (pg/ml)^b	−0.13 (−0.21; −0.05)	0.001	−0.13 (−0.20; −0.05)	0.001	−0.04 (−0.12; 0.04)	0.328	−0.05 (−0.13; 0.03)	0.328
IL-1RA (pg/ml)^b	−0.11 (−0.16; −0.06)	<0.001	−0.11 (−0.16; −0.06)	<0.001	−0.01 (−0.06; 0.04)	0.700	−0.02 (−0.07; 0.03)	0.484
Adiponectin (µg/ml)^b	0.19 (0.13; 0.25)	<0.001	0.19 (0.13; 0.25)	<0.001	0.13 (0.06; 0.19)	<0.001	0.09 (0.03; 0.15)	0.003

Regression coefficients β and 95% CI are standardised to a doubling in SFRP5 levels in linear regression analysis. Italics print indicates significant associations (P < 0.05)
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, Model 2 model 1 + physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, Model 3 model 2 + BMI, Model 4 model 3 + HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid-lowering medication, hypertension, history of myocardial infarction, estimated glomerular filtration rate
^aIndividuals with known type 2 diabetes (n = 156) excluded
^bVariables were log₂-transformed for the linear regression analysis
^cIndividuals with anti-hypertensive medication (n = 627) excluded, no adjustment for hypertension in model 4
^dIndividuals with lipid-lowering medication (n = 270) excluded, no adjustment for HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and lipid-lowering medication in model 4
^eNo adjustment for eGFR in model 4

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