Fig. 6

Linagliptin prevents WD-induced increases in p-65, c-jun and p38-MAPK activation. a Western blots show myocardial phospho- and total p-65, c-jun and p-38 MAPK. Accompanying bar graphs show results of densitometric analysis b of protein expression as fold change from baseline in the CD group. WD induces activation of these proinflammatory proteins which is largely prevented by linagliptin. *p < 0.05 vs CD and ^†p < 0.05 vs WD. N = 5–6/group