Table 1 Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of participants remaining non-diabetic and those developing diabetes
From: Target organ damage and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Strong Heart Study
|  | No incident diabetes (n = 2590) | Incident diabetes (n = 297) | p≤* |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 44 ± 17 | 47 ± 15 | 0.101 |
Sex (% women) | 60 | 61 | 0.662 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 122 ± 17 | 127 ± 17 | 0.02 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75 ± 11 | 78 ± 11 | 0.003 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 68 ± 11 | 70 ± 11 | 0.02 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30 ± 7 | 35 ± 7 | 0.0001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 100 ± 16 | 113 ± 16 | 0.0001 |
GFRMDRD (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 92 [78–108] | 92 [79–109] | 0.178†|
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 187 ± 37 | 187 ± 39 | 0.370 |
HDL-c (mg/dL) | 50 ± 15 | 44 ± 14 | 0.0001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 120 [86–171] | 147 [107–196] | 0.002†|
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 96 ± 13 | 109 ± 25 | 0.0001 |
Fasting insulin (mIU/mL) | 11 [7–17] | 21 [13–31] | 0.0001†|
HOMA-R | 2.6 [1.6–4.2] | 5.2 [3.4–8.3] | 0.0001†|
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 347 [304–399] | 367 [322–427] | 0.01†|
PAI-1 (mg/dL) | 42 [26–65] | 58 [38–93] | 0.01†|
Fat-free mass (kg) | 53 ± 12 | 59 ± 14 | 0.04 |
Adipose mass (kg) | 35 ± 10 | 40 ± 8 | 0.0001 |
LVDD index (cm/m) | 3.09 ± 0.25 | 3.16 ± 0.29 | 0.008 |
LV mass index (g/m2.7) | 38.0 ± 8.8 | 42.2 ± 10.3 | 0.0001 |
Relative wall thicknessa | 0.32 ± 0.05 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.006 |
LAV index (mL/m2)b | 11.4 ± 3.0 | 13.1 ± 3.0 | 0.0001 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 63 ± 5 | 64 ± 5 | 0.2 |
Urinary albumin/creatinine | 6.55 [4.22–12.08] | 8.32 [4.95–16.56] | 0.152†|