Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to the incidence of a cardiovascular event or death during follow-up

From: Plasma matrix metalloproteinases are associated with incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes: a 12-year follow-up study

 

CVD event

No CVD event

p value

Patients dead at follow-up n = 83

Patients alive at follow-up n = 254

p value

n = 86

n = 251

Age (years)

44.5 (9.0)

40.4 (9.6)

0.001

45.3 (10.0)

40.2 (9.2)

<0.001

Sex: male/female (%)

62/38

60/40

0.81

69/31

58/42

0.081

Duration of diabetes (years)

30.7 (8.7)

26.7 (7.5)

<0.001

30.2 (9.9)

26.9 (7.1)

0.006

HbA1c (%)

9.5 (1.5)

8.9 (1.4)

<0.001

9.6 (1.5)

8.8 (1.4)

<0.001

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

80.5 (16.3)

73.4 (15.0)

<0.001

81.6 (16.5)

73.1 (14.8)

<0.001

Nephropathy (%)

76

42

<0.001

78

41

<0.001

Retinopathy (no/simplex/proliferative) (%)

8/37/55

20/45/35

0.002

6/37/57

21/45/34

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

23.9 (3.3)

23.9 (2.8)

0.919

23.7 (3.2)

23.9 (2.8)

0.513

LDL (mmol/l)

3.64 (1.01)

3.00 (0.95)

<0.001

3.60 (0.98)

3.02 (0.97)

<0.001

HDL (mmol/l)

1.43 (0.41)

1.54 (0.51)

0.082

1.53 (0.48)

1.51 (0.50)

0.791

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.25 [0.93–1.70]

0.81[0.63–1.19]

<0.001

1.29 [0.90–1.69]

0.81 [0.64–1.18]

<0.001

Serum creatinine (µmol/l)

92.1 [67–135]

70 [62–81]

<0.001

94.0 [68–132]

69 [62–81]

<0.001

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

76.0 (31.6)

101 (21.5)

<0.001

76.2 (30.9)

100.7 (22.2)

<0.001

Urinary albumin excretion (mg/24 h)

658 [34–1983]

17 [7–532]

<0.001

761 [96–2040]

17 [7–479]

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

157 (24)

136 (20)

<0.001

159 (24)

136 (19)

<0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

85 (13)

80 (12)

0.001

87 (14)

79 (11)

<0.001

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

109 (15)

98 (13)

<0.001

111 (15)

98 (13)

<0.001

RAAS-inhibitors (%)

52

21

<0.001

52

22

<0.001

Other antihypertensive medication (%)

64

29

<0.001

69

28

<0.001

Smoking (never/former/current) (%)

28/19/53

38/17/45

0.234

25/17/58

39/18/43

0.05

MMP-1 (ng/ml)

4.58 [2.78–7.17]

2.70 [1.67–4.71]

<0.001

5.00 [2.74–7.03]

2.73 [1.68–4.68]

<0.001

MMP-2 (ng/ml)

229 [201–273]

185 [162–225]

<0.001

231 [201–281]

185 [161–225]

<0.001

MMP-3 (ng/ml)

21.3 [13.0–28.3]

12.8 [8.6–21.3]

<0.001

23.9 [16.6–29.6]

12.6 [8.5–20.2]

<0.001

MMP-9 (ng/ml)

32.5 [20.4–65.3]

21.7 [14.5–36.9]

<0.001

31.2 [20.7–63.6]

21.8 [14.3–37.0]

<0.001

MMP-10 (pg/ml)

764 [618–1227]

640 [467–930]

0.002

809 [627–1235]

640 [463–916]

<0.001

TIMP-1 (ng/ml)

210 [178–265]

161 [137–204]

<0.001

221 [182–277]

159 [136–204]

<0.001

sVCAM-1 (ng/ml)

1003 [842–1174]

905 [789–1105]

0.03

1038 [936–1239]

891 [789–1096]

<0.001

sICAM-1 (ng/ml)

735 [628–835]

671 [572–814]

0.076

751 [632–882]

670 [569–797]

0.003

Endothelial dysfunction z-score

0.23 (0.92)

−0.08 (1.02)

0.012

0.41 (0.98)

−0.13 (0.97)

<0.001

CRP (mg/l)

1.63 [0.64–3.24]

1.00 [0.42–2.15]

0.008

1.45 [0.60–3.30]

1.03 [0.45–2.18]

0.02

IL-6 (pg/ml)

2.18 [1.53–3.43]

1.52 [0.99–2.34]

<0.001

2.41 [1.78–3.88]

1.45 [1.00–2.22]

<0.001

sPLA2 (µg/ml)

4.40 [2.80–7.00]

4.00 [2.70–6.40]

0.421

4.00 [2.80–6.50]

4.05 [2.70–6.60]

0.821

Low-grade inflammation z-score

0.32 (0.86)

−0.11 (1.02)

<0.001

0.3 (0.96)

−0.11 (0.99)

<0.001

  1. Data are means (SD), medians [inter-quartile range] or percentages, as appropriate
  2. eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI); RAAS-inhibitors renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and spironolactone; MMP matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP-1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; sVCAM-1 soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; sICAM-1 soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1; CRP C-reactive protein; IL-6 interleukin-6; sPLA2 secreted phospholipase A2; Low-grade inflammation z-score z-score of the average of the z-scores of lnIL-6, lnCRP, sICAM-1, and lnsPLA2; Endothelial dysfunction z-score z-score of the average of the z-scores of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840