Table 3 Levels of cytokines, hormones and inflammatory mediators in the two groups at baseline and after 12 weeks
|  | Placebo (n = 16) | Dapagliflozin (n = 15) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 12Â weeks | Change | Baseline | 12Â weeks | Change | |
Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 19.2 ± 3.7 | 20.1 ± 3.7 | 0.8 ± 5.0 | 22.6 ± 5.3 | 18.7 ± 3.6 | −3.9 ± 4.0 |
GIP (pg/ml) | 349.7 ± 71.7 | 353.9 ± 75.0 | 4.2 ± 41.0 | 393.5 ± 58.3 | 366.7 ± 78.0 | −26.8 ± 68.0 |
GLP-1 (pg/ml) | 194.2 ± 43.3 | 216.5 ± 41.7 | 22.4 ± 20.4 | 167.5 ± 25.3 | 156.3 ± 23.6 | −11.3 ± 22.4 |
Glucagon (pg/ml) | 323.5 ± 61.2 | 277.6 ± 55.2 | −45.9 ± 49.4 | 270.3 ± 57.7 | 281.8 ± 33.6 | 11.5 ± 38.2 |
Visfatina (ng/ml) | 2.8 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.6# | 1.0 ± 0.4 |
Resistina (ng/ml) | 13.7 ± 0.9 | 16.0 ± 1.7 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 14.3 ± 2.1 | 0.9 ± 1.8 |
Leptin (ng/ml) | 9.6 ± 1.7 | 10.5 ± 1.9 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 7.8 ± 1.8 | 6.9 ± 1.5 | −0.9 ± 0.6* |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.5* | −1.6 ± 0.8 |
IL8 (pg/ml) | 8.3 ± 1.2 | 13.7 ± 3.7 | 5.4 ± 4.0 | 9.3 ± 2.0 | 8.2 ± 0.9 | −1.1 ± 1.9 |
TNF-α (pg/ml) | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.6 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 0.2 ± 0.9 |
PAI-1 (ng/ml) | 21.3 ± 1.2 | 23.4 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 20.3 ± 1.1 | 20.6 ± 1.4 | 0.4 ± 1.2 |