Table 1 Clinical characteristics at baseline and at 12 weeks after the administration of luseogliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes

Age (years)

55 ± 12

Gender (% female)

26

SBP (mmHg)

137 ± 14

128 ± 15

DBP (mmHg)

83 ± 7

80 ± 7

Body weight (kg)

82.2 ± 11.4

79.5 ± 11.5

Body mass index (kg/m²)

28.7 ± 2.7

27.8 ± 2.9

Waist circumference (cm)

101 ± 8

99 ± 8

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

57.9 ± 5.4

50.9 ± 4.5

HbA1c (%)

7.5 ± 0.7

6.8 ± 0.6

Plasma glucose (mmol/l)

7.6 ± 2.2

6.8 ± 1.6

Insulin (μU/ml)

8.9 (5.3–13.6)

8.1 (4.7–11.7)

HOMA-IR (N = 15)

3.6 (1.5–4.8)

2.6 (1.3–3.8)

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.67 (1.15–2.85)

1.10 (0.93–2.39)

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.38 ± 0.36

1.36 ± 0.33

LDL cholesterol(mmol/l)

2.89 ± 0.51

3.02 ± 0.66

AST (U/l)

24 (18–40)

23 (17–28)

ALT (U/l)

19 (17–43)

23 (18–30)

γ-GTP (U/l)

35 (23–80)

28 (19–59)

Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

69.7 ± 13.8

68.1 ± 13.3

Log urinary ACR (mg/g)

1.62 ± 0.55

1.56 ± 0.48

Uric acid (μmol/l)

351 ± 64

326 ± 91

Log CRP (mg/l)

−0.01 ± 0.45

−0.10 ± 0.33

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

14.1 ± 3.3

15.3 ± 1.3

Hematocrit (%)

43.4 ± 3.1

45.7 ± 3.7

Adiponectin (μg/ml)

8.8 ± 3.3

8.5 ± 3.4

Leptin (ng/ml)

13.9 ± 6.1

13.1 ± 6.8

Log Interleukin 6 (pg/ml)

0.30 ± 0.23

0.24 ± 0.26

EFV (cm³)

117 (96–136)

111 (88–134)

VFA (cm²)

167 (134–201)

151 (124–209)

SFA (cm²)

226 (184–273)

218 (178–240)

Liver attenuation index

1.03 ± 0.21

1.04 ± 0.22

Body fat (%)

36.9 ± 5.6

36.2 ± 6.0

Non-fat mass in upper extremities (kg)

5.7 ± 1.3

5.5 ± 1.3

Non-fat mass in lower extremities (kg)

16.8 ± 3.3

16.3 ± 3.4

Android (kg)

3.4 ± 1.4

2.9 ± 0.8

Gynoid (kg)

4.6 ± 1.8

3.8 ± 1.0

Total fat mass (kg)

29.3 ± 5.9

27.9 ± 6.3

Total non-fat mass (kg)

50.4 ± 8.4

49.3 ± 8.4

Skeletal muscle index

7.81 ± 1.09

7.58 ± 1.11