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Table 1 Description of the KORA F4 study population stratified by quarters of IL-22 concentrations (cross-sectional analysis)

From: Serum levels of interleukin-22, cardiometabolic risk factors and incident type 2 diabetes: KORA F4/FF4 study

Variable

Quarter 1

Quarter 2

Quarter 3

Quarter 4

P a

n

347

208

277

275

 

IL-22 (pg/ml; range)

1.95–1.95

3.90–6.74

6.78–13.33

13.36–74.39

 

Age (years)

69.6 ± 5.3

70.2 ± 5.5

70.3 ± 5.1

70.9 ± 5.7

0.002

Sex (% male)

31.7

48.6

57.4

73.1

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

28.2 ± 4.6

28.7 ± 4.5

29.5 ± 4.1

28.7 ± 4.5

0.007

Fasting glucose (mmol/l)b

5.45 ± 0.85

5.49 ± 0.62

5.56 ± 0.65

5.50 ± 0.62

0.483

2-h glucose (mmol/l)b

7.05 ± 2.28

7.13 ± 2.25

7.31 ± 2.39

7.04 ± 2.29

0.697

Fasting insulin (pmol/l)b

29.1 (19.8; 45.8)

27.0 (19.8; 43.5)

31.8 (21.0; 64.5)

31.5 (21.0; 57.6)

<0.001

2-h insulin (pmol/l)b

307.8 (175.8; 474.0)

319.8 (156.0; 506.2)

372.6 (219.0; 597.6)

321.3 (192.3; 583.4)

0.004

HOMA-IRb

1.17 (0.75; 1.92)

1.11 (0.79; 1.80)

1.31 (0.81; 2.71)

1.24 (0.80; 2.49)

<0.001

ISI (composite) (1/((mmol/l)x(pmol/l)))b

18.0 (10.4; 27.5)

17.7 (10.4; 32.4)

14.4 (8.6; 24.5)

16.5 (9.0; 27.4)

0.869

HbA1c (%)

5.61 ± 0.47

5.60 ± 0.35

5.65 ± 0.34

5.63 ± 0.38

0.419

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

38 ± 5

38 ± 4

38 ± 4

38 ± 4

0.419

Glucose tolerance status: NGT/IFG/IGT/IFG&IGT/ndT2D/T2D (%)

43.8/16.1/12.1/11.5/5.2/11.2

41.3/19.2/8.7/11.1/7.7/12.0

34.7/22.0/8.7/9.7/7.9/17.0

36.7/18.5/9.1/12.0/5.8/17.8

0.766

Hypertension (%)

59.4

56.5

67.0

67.0

0.628

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)c

6.13 ± 1.05

5.95 ± 0.99

5.84 ± 0.99

5.69 ± 0.96

0.002

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)c

3.88 ± 0.95

3.84 ± 0.86

3.81 ± 0.88

3.63 ± 0.88

0.072

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)c

1.56 ± 0.38

1.48 ± 0.34

1.37 ± 0.35

1.35 ± 0.36

<0.001

Triglycerides (mmol/l)c

1.26 (0.91; 1.74)

1.22 (0.92; 1.64)

1.31 (1.01; 1.85)

1.30 (0.91; 1.84)

0.635

Use of lipid-lowering drugs (%)

24.2

23.2

26.4

23.8

0.865

eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)

79.7 ± 12.8

77.3 ± 13.8

74.9 ± 14.8

73.3 ± 17.7

<0.001

eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) (%)

6.9

13.9

16.6

21.8

<0.001

Smoking (never/former/current) (%)

61.4/35.4/3.2

53.8/38.0/8.2

47.5/44.2/8.3

38.6/49.3/12.1

<0.001

Physically active (%)

53.6

51.4

49.6

44.5

0.174

hs C-reactive protein (mg/l)

1.44 (0.70; 2.87)

1.38 (0.72; 2.91)

1.59 (0.87; 3.21)

1.94 (0.89; 3.90)

0.310

IL-6 (pg/ml)

1.43 (0.93; 2.28)

1.52 (1.03; 2.12)

1.70 (1.27; 2.51)

1.92 (1.33; 2.92)

0.586

IL-18 (pg/ml)

296.0 (228.0; 379.0)

308.0 (251.5; 412.0)

344.5 (269.2; 433.8)

342.5 (263.8; 451.2)

0.032

Tumour necrosis factor α (pg/ml)

1.91 (1.40; 2.77)

1.84 (1.38; 2.42)

2.18 (1.61; 3.17)

2.22 (1.63; 3.16)

0.305

IL-1 receptor antagonist (pg/ml)

295.7 (224.1; 393.3)

289.1 (235.0; 384.1)

326.2 (247.3; 432.2)

323.1 (248.4; 446.1)

<0.001

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ng/ml)

228.4 ± 53.9

235.9 ± 49.9

241.8 ± 58.0

246.1 ± 67.7

<0.001

Adiponectin (µg/ml)

11.62 (8.13; 17.25)

9.87 (6.79; 14.82)

8.82 (5.68; 13.8)

9.30 (5.94; 12.88)

0.311

  1. Data are given as mean ± SD, median and 25th; 75th percentiles or percentages, unless indicated otherwise. The age and sex-adjusted P values are from linear regression analysis (likelihood ratio tests comparing models with ln IL-22 as dependent variable and the respective variable, age and sex as independent variables to models with age and sex as independent variables only). The analysis for age is adjusted for sex only, the analysis for sex is adjusted for age only
  2. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs, high-sensitivity; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; ndT2D, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; T2D, type 2 diabetes
  3. aAdjusted for age and sex
  4. bIndividuals with known type 2 diabetes excluded (n = 160)
  5. cIndividuals using lipid-lowering drugs excluded (n = 270)
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

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