Fig. 3

Log hazard ratio according to body mass index (kg/m²) for cardiovascular adverse events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, unstable angina requiring hospitalization, or coronary revascularization >90 days post-CTA). HR are unadjusted (top left), adjusted for all patients (top right) and adjusted and stratified by absence (bottom left panel) or presence (bottom right panel) of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Reference BMI was set at 20 kg/m². An “obesity paradox,” where patients with relatively increased BMI from 20–40 kg/m² had lower hazard of adverse CV events was observed particularly in the subjects without MetS, which may indicate residual confounding