High levels of serum vitamin D are associated with a decreased risk of metabolic diseases in both men and women, but an increased risk for coronary artery calcification in Korean men

Table 6 ORs (95 % CIs) for CAC by quartiles of serum vitamin D levels in women (n = 5510)

	Quartiles of serum vitamin D levels				p for trend
	Q1 (<9.8 mg/dL)	Q2 (9.8–13.0 mg/dL)	Q3 (13.0–17.6 mg/dL)	Q4 (≥17.6 mg/dL)
	n = 1380	n = 1378	n = 1378	n = 1374
CAC > 0
Model 1	1.00 (reference)	1.10 (0.75–1.60)	0.75 (0.51–1.11)	0.86 (0.61–1.23)	0.181
Model 2	1.00 (reference)	0.99 (0.61–1.62)	0.63 (0.38–1.06)	0.59 (0.36–0.97)	0.012
Model 3	1.00 (reference)	1.07 (0.64–1.79)	0.70 (0.41–1.19)	0.69 (0.41–1.15)	0.065
Model 4	1.00 (reference)	1.02 (0.61–1.71)	0.68 (0.40–1.17)	0.69 (0.41–1.15)	0.068

Differences were tested using multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis
Model 1: adjustment for age
Model 2: adjustment for model 1 plus year of screening exam, center, smoking, alcohol, education, physical activity, season
Model 3: adjustment for model 2 plus HTN, DM, CVD
Model 4: adjustment for model 3 plus BMI, SBP, glucose, LDL-C
ORs odds ratios, CIs confidence intervals, CAC coronary artery calcification

ISSN: 1475-2840