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Table 2 Effects of commonly used medications on the lipid profile

From: Common medications used by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: what are their effects on the lipid profile?

Medication type/class Compound TGs HDL-C LDL-C Reference(s)
Antihyperglycemic
 Biguanide Metformin ↓ Slight ↑ ↓ [23, 44]
 TZD Pioglitazone ↓ ↑ ↑ [23, 38, 44]
Rosiglitazone ↑ ↑ ↑ [23, 38, 44]
 SU Glibenclamide ↓/↔ ↔ ↓/↔ [23, 44]
Gliclazide ↓ ↔ ↔ [23, 44]
Glimepiride ↔ ↔ ↔ [23, 44]
 DPP-4 inhibitor Sitagliptin ↓ ↔ ↔ [52]
Vildagliptin ↓ ↔ ↔/↓ [54, 58]
Saxagliptin ↔ ↔ ↔ [152]
Alogliptin ↓ ↔ ↓ [53]
 GLP-1 receptor agonist Exenatide ↓ ↑ ↓ [23, 65, 66]
Liraglutide ↓ ↑ ↓ [23, 66]
 SGLT2 inhibitor Canagliflozin ↓ ↑ ↑ [73]
Dapagliflozin ↔ ↑ ↑ [71]
Empagliflozin ↔ Slight ↑ ↑ [74]
 α-Glucosidase inhibitor Acarbose ↔/↓ ↔/↑ ↔ [37, 86, 87]
Miglitol ↔ ↔ ↔ [86]
 Dopamine D2 receptor agonist Bromocriptine-QR ↓ ↔ ↔ [83, 84]
 Bile acid sequestrant Colesevelam ↔/↑/↑↑ Slight ↑ ↓↓ [77–79]
 Insulin   ↓ ↑ ↔ [44, 91]
Antihypertensive
 Thiazide diuretic   ↑ ↔ ↑ [95, 153]
 ACE inhibitor   ↔/↓ ↔/↑ ↔/↓ [101, 102, 104, 154]
 ARB   ↓ ↑/↔a ↓ [95, 105]
 Older-generation β-blocker e.g. propranolol ↑ ↓ ↔ [17, 41]
 Newer-generation β-blocker e.g. nebivolol ↔ ↔ ↓ [93, 108]
Anti-obesity      
Orlistat ↓/↔ ↓/↔ ↓ [110–113]
Lorcaserin ↓/↔ ↑/↔ ↓/↔ [114–117]
Phentermine/topiramate ↓ ↑ ↓ [122, 126–128]
Naltrexone/bupropion ↓ ↑ ↓/↔ [118–121, 123–125]
Antibiotics      
Metronidazole ↔ ↔ ↓ [129, 130]
Ciprofloxacin ↔ ↑ ↔ [130]
Analgesic
 NSAIDs e.g. ibuprofen, naproxen ↔ ↔ ↔ [131, 134]
 Aspirin   ↓ ↔ ↓ [131, 134]
Contraceptive      
 Oral contraceptives with second-generation progestogens e.g. levonorgestrel ↑ ↓ ↑ [17, 141]
 Oral contraceptives with third-generation progestogens e.g. desogestrel ↑ ↑ ↓ [17, 141]
HRT
 Estrogen monotherapy   – ↑ ↓ [143]
 Transdermal 17β-estradiol   ↔ ↔ ↔ [143]
 Oral estrogen/DMPA   – – – [145, 146]
Other common medications      
 Glucocorticoids e.g. prednisone ↑ ↑ ↑ [95, 147]
 Vitamins Vitamin D ↔ Slight ↑ ↔ [148]
Vitamin B12 ↓ ↑ ↓ [149]
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) ↔ ↔ ↓ [150, 155]
PUFAs ↓ ↑ ↓ [151]
  1. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, DMPA depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HRT hormone replacement therapy, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid, QR quick release, SGLT2 sodium glucose co-transporter 2, SU sulfonylurea, TG triglyceride, TZD thiazolidinedione
  2. a Variable depending on type
  3. ↑ denotes statistically significant increase; ↔ denotes no significant change; ↓ denotes statistically significant decrease; – denotes data not available
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840