Medication type/class | Compound | TGs | HDL-C | LDL-C | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antihyperglycemic | |||||
 Biguanide | Metformin | ↓ | Slight ↑ | ↓ | |
 TZD | Pioglitazone | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | |
Rosiglitazone | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||
 SU | Glibenclamide | ↓/↔ | ↔ | ↓/↔ | |
Gliclazide | ↓ | ↔ | ↔ | ||
Glimepiride | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ||
 DPP-4 inhibitor | Sitagliptin | ↓ | ↔ | ↔ | [52] |
Vildagliptin | ↓ | ↔ | ↔/↓ | ||
Saxagliptin | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | [152] | |
Alogliptin | ↓ | ↔ | ↓ | [53] | |
 GLP-1 receptor agonist | Exenatide | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | |
Liraglutide | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ||
 SGLT2 inhibitor | Canagliflozin | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | [73] |
Dapagliflozin | ↔ | ↑ | ↑ | [71] | |
Empagliflozin | ↔ | Slight ↑ | ↑ | [74] | |
 α-Glucosidase inhibitor | Acarbose | ↔/↓ | ↔/↑ | ↔ | |
Miglitol | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | [86] | |
 Dopamine D2 receptor agonist | Bromocriptine-QR | ↓ | ↔ | ↔ | |
 Bile acid sequestrant | Colesevelam | ↔/↑/↑↑ | Slight ↑ | ↓↓ | |
 Insulin |  | ↓ | ↑ | ↔ | |
Antihypertensive | |||||
 Thiazide diuretic |  | ↑ | ↔ | ↑ | |
 ACE inhibitor |  | ↔/↓ | ↔/↑ | ↔/↓ | |
 ARB |  | ↓ | ↑/↔a | ↓ | |
 Older-generation β-blocker | e.g. propranolol | ↑ | ↓ | ↔ | |
 Newer-generation β-blocker | e.g. nebivolol | ↔ | ↔ | ↓ | |
Anti-obesity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Orlistat | ↓/↔ | ↓/↔ | ↓ | ||
Lorcaserin | ↓/↔ | ↑/↔ | ↓/↔ | ||
Phentermine/topiramate | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ||
Naltrexone/bupropion | ↓ | ↑ | ↓/↔ | ||
Antibiotics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Metronidazole | ↔ | ↔ | ↓ | ||
Ciprofloxacin | ↔ | ↑ | ↔ | [130] | |
Analgesic | |||||
 NSAIDs | e.g. ibuprofen, naproxen | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | |
 Aspirin |  | ↓ | ↔ | ↓ | |
Contraceptive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Oral contraceptives with second-generation progestogens | e.g. levonorgestrel | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | |
 Oral contraceptives with third-generation progestogens | e.g. desogestrel | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | |
HRT | |||||
 Estrogen monotherapy |  | – | ↑ | ↓ | [143] |
 Transdermal 17β-estradiol |  | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | [143] |
 Oral estrogen/DMPA |  | – | – | – | |
Other common medications | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Glucocorticoids | e.g. prednisone | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
 Vitamins | Vitamin D | ↔ | Slight ↑ | ↔ | [148] |
Vitamin B12 | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | [149] | |
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) | ↔ | ↔ | ↓ | ||
PUFAs | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | [151] |