Palaeolithic diet decreases fasting plasma leptin concentrations more than a diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised cross-over trial

Table 3 Exploratory analysis

	Pearson’s correlation r^a	Spearman’s correlation r^b	Adjusted R²	p ^c
Leptin (ng/ml) versus
Fasting insulin (ng/ml)		0.555		0.049
Fat (g)		−0.665		0.013
Fat (%)		−0.555		0.049
SAF (g)		−0.593		0.033
Fatty acid C16:0 (g)		−0.571		0.041
Fatty acid C18:0 (g)		−0.555		0.049
Glucagon (pg/ml) versus
AUC insulin_0-120 (nmol/l min)	0.946		0.383	0.015
Stimulated AUC insulin_0-120 (nmol/l min)	0.558		0.249	0.047
Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l)	0.637		0.352	0.019
Satiety quotient for glycaemic index per meal (RS)	−0.562		0.254	0.045
Glycaemic load (g)	0.63		0.342	0.021
Glycaemic index	0.731		0.491	0.005
Fatty acid C20:5, n-3, EPA (g)	0.581		0.277	0.037
Fatty acid C22:6, n-3, DHA (g)	0.575		0.27	0.04
Vitamin B-12 (µg)	0.571		0.265	0.041
Adipsin (ng/ml) versus
Satiety quotient for GL per meal (RS/kg)	0.581		0.277	0.037
GIP (pg/ml) versus
Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l)		0.555		0.049
GLP-1 (pg/ml) versus
Stimulated AUC insulin (nmol/l min)		0.654		0.015
AUC insulin (nmol/l min)		0.67		0.012
Resistin (ng/ml) versus
Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l)	−0.728		0.451	0.041
Satiety quotient for GL per meal (RS/kg)	0.810		0.598	0.015
Visfatin (ng/ml) versus
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	−0.557		0.248	0.048

Exploratory analysis was conducted to check for significant correlations between the outcome variables presented in Table 2 and outcome variables related to glucose homeostasis and satiation. Bivariate correlations were also performed between the outcome variables presented in Table 2 and dietary variables. This analysis consisted in bivariate Pearson or Spearman’s (for non normally distributed variables) correlation between within-subject differences in outcome and dietary variables. Normally distributed outcomes that were significant in Pearson’s correlation were entered into simple linear regression
^aPearson’s correlation for normally distributed variables
^bSpearman’s correlation for non normally distributed variables
^c p value for bivariate correlation and simple linear regression

ISSN: 1475-2840