Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics

Age (years)

70.1 ± 10.3

71.6 ± 8.8

68.0 ± 12.1

0.23

BMI (kg/m²)

24.2 ± 3.4

24.5 ± 3.0

23.8 ± 4.0

0.45

Male

43 (86.0)

24 (82.8)

19 (90.5)

0.36

DM

29 (58.0)

29 (100)

0 (0.0)

–

Hypertension

37 (74.0)

22 (75.9)

15 (71.4)

0.72

Dyslipidemia

44 (88.0)

27 (93.1)

17 (81.0)

0.19

Smoking

36 (72.0)

21 (72.4)

15 (71.4)

0.38

 Current

10 (20.0)

4 (13.8)

6 (28.6)

 Former (quit >3 months)

26 (52.0)

17 (58.6)

9 (42.9)

Prior myocardial infarction

12 (24.0)

6 (20.7)

6 (28.6)

0.52

Prior PCI

25 (50.0)

16 (55.2)

9 (42.9)

0.39

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

122.1 ± 11.8

122.1 ± 11.3

122.1 ± 12.7

0.99

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

63.3 ± 6.9

62.0 ± 6.5

65.2 ± 7.2

0.10

Left ventricular ejection fraction (%)

59.3 ± 10.2

61.7 ± 7.2

55.7 ± 13.0

0.082

Duration of DM (years)

3.4 ± 6.6

7.9 ± 1.5

–

–

HbA1c (NGSP) (%)

6.4 ± 0.9

6.8 ± 1.0

5.8 ± 0.3

<0.001

1,5-AG (μg/mL)

15.7 ± 7.7

13.2 ± 6.7

19.5 ± 7.6

0.004

Glycoalbumin (%)

16.5 ± 3.2

17.6 ± 3.5

14.8 ± 1.8

0.001

75-g OGTT

 Fasting PG (mg/dL)

102 ± 21

111 ± 23

89 ± 8

<0.001

 2-h PG (mg/dL)

202 ± 79

249 ± 70

139 ± 33

<0.001

 Fasting IRI (μU/mL)

7.4 ± 6.0

7.9 ± 7.2

6.7 ± 4.0

0.49

 2-h IRI (μU/mL)

103 ± 106

111 ± 118

91 ± 86

0.53

HOMA R

2.0 ± 2.4

2.4 ± 3.1

1.5 ± 0.8

0.21

HOMA β

80.4 ± 59.7

63.6 ± 40.5

102.7 ± 73.6

0.036

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

157.0 ± 25.9

157.1 ± 23.6

156.8 ± 29.4

0.96

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

88.6 ± 18.1

90.2 ± 17.6

86.2 ± 18.9

0.44

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

45.8 ± 12.1

42.6 ± 10.0

50.1 ± 13.6

0.039

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

133.2 ± 53.5

152.55 ± 53.5

107.1 ± 38.6

0.002

CRP (mg/dL)

0.17 ± 0.28

0.14 ± 0.21

0.20 ± 0.34

0.47

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.98 ± 0.25

0.99 ± 0.24

0.96 ± 0.26

0.63

Medications during the study

 Aspirin

42 (84.0)

25 (86.2)

17 (81.0)

0.45

 Thienopyridine

23 (46.0)

13 (44.8)

10 (47.6)

0.85

 Statin

38 (76.0)

24 (82.8)

14 (66.7)

0.19

 EPA

4 (8.0)

2 (6.9)

2 (9.5)

0.56

 Ezetimibe

4 (8.0)

2 (6.9)

2 (9.5)

0.56

 Fibrate

1 (2.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.8)

0.42

 ACE-I/ARB

27 (54.0)

15 (51.7)

12 (57.1)

0.70

 Beta-blocker

17 (34.0)

10 (34.5)

7 (33.3)

0.93

 Insulin

0 (0.0)

 Metformin

2 (4.0)

2 (6.9)

0 (0.0)

0.33

 SU

7 (14.0)

7 (24.1)

0 (0.0)

0.016

 α-GI

3 (6.0)

3 (10.3)

0 (0.0)

0.19

 DPP4-I

9 (18.0)

9 (18.0)

0 (0.0)

0.004

Continuous glucose monitoring variables

 MAGE (mg/dL)

71 ± 33

80 ± 35

58 ± 28

0.018

 Mean BG (mg/dL)

128 ± 21

137 ± 24

116 ± 9

<0.001

 Max BG (mg/dL)

210 ± 42

226 ± 44

188 ± 27

<0.001

 Min BG (mg/dL)

72 ± 23

75 ± 27

70 ± 16

0.62

 Time in hyperglycemia (h)

23.2 ± 24.3

32.9 ± 27.4

9.1 ± 5.6

<0.001

 Time in hypoglycemia (h)

1.7 ± 3.0

1.9 ± 3.5

1.5 ± 2.2

0.62