Table 2 Distribution of anthropometric and biological variables according to birth weight, women, unadjusted
From: Low birth weight leads to obesity, diabetes and increased leptin levels in adults: the CoLaus study
Birth weight categories (kg) | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−2.5] (n = 174) | ]2.5–3.5] (n = 891) | ]3.5–4.0] (n = 264) | ]4.0+ (n = 129) | ||
Anthropometry | |||||
Height (cm) | 161 ± 1a | 164 ± 1b | 165 ± 1c | 166 ± 1c | <0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 64.7 ± 1.0a | 64.6 ± 0.4a | 69.2 ± 0.8b | 69.9 ± 1.1b | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 0.4a, b | 24.1 ± 0.2a | 25.4 ± 0.3b | 25.5 ± 0.4b | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 83.7 ± 0.9a, b | 80.8 ± 0.4a | 83.4 ± 0.8b | 84.6 ± 1.1b | <0.001 |
Fat (% of body weight) | 34.4 ± 0.6a | 32.3 ± 0.3b | 33.5 ± 0.5a, b | 34.1 ± 0.7a, b | 0.002 |
Fat mass (kg) | 22.9 ± 0.7a, b | 21.4 ± 0.3a | 24.1 ± 0.6b | 24.4 ± 0.8b | <0.001 |
BMI categories (%) | <0.001 | ||||
Normal | 98 (56.3) | 592 (66.4) | 150 (56.8) | 67 (51.9) | |
Overweight | 48 (27.6) | 220 (24.7) | 68 (25.8) | 39 (30.2) | |
Obesity | 28 (16.1) | 79 (8.9) | 46 (17.4) | 23 (17.8) | |
Abdominal obesity (%) | 57 (32.8) | 220 (24.7) | 83 (31.4) | 49 (38.0) | 0.002 |
Adipokines | |||||
Leptin (ng/dL) | 18.1 ± 0.9 | 15.4 ± 0.4 | 16.9 ± 0.7 | 15.9 ± 1.1 | 0.230§ |
Leptin/fat mass ratio | 0.77 ± 0.04a | 0.72 ± 0.02a, b | 0.71 ± 0.03a, b | 0.61 ± 0.04b | 0.035 |
Adiponectin (μg/dL) | 11.8 ± 0.7 | 12.2 ± 0.3 | 11.9 ± 0.5 | 12.5 ± 0.8 | 0.612§ |
Markers of glucose homeostasis | |||||
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.46 ± 0.06a | 5.24 ± 0.03b | 5.28 ± 0.05a, b | 5.30 ± 0.07a, b | 0.013 |
Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 8.5 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 6.9 ± 0.5 | 0.003 |
HOMA | 2.10 ± 0.12 | 1.76 ± 0.05 | 2.05 ± 0.10 | 1.68 ± 0.14 | 0.004 |
Diabetes (%) | 11 (6.3) | 17 (1.9) | 7 (2.7) | 6 (4.7) | 0.007 |
High HOMA (%) | 35 (24.3) | 117 (16.5) | 37 (18.5) | 15 (15.2) | 0.133 |
Metabolic syndrome (%) | 39 (22.4) | 113 (12.7) | 37 (14.0) | 21 (16.3) | 0.009 |