Metabolic markers associated with insulin resistance predict type 2 diabetes in Koreans with normal blood pressure or prehypertension

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics among participants with normal blood pressure and prehypertension

Variable	All (n = 5697)	Normal BP (n = 3930)	Prehypertension (n = 1767)	P value
Age (year)	50.6 ± 8.5	49.3 ± 7.9	53.6 ± 8.9	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	24.1 ± 3.0	23.9 ± 2.9	24.6 ± 3.1	<0.001
WC (cm)	81.1 ± 8.4	80.0 ± 8.2	83.6 ± 8.5	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	110.4 ± 12.5	104.3 ± 9.0	124.1 ± 7.2	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	71.3 ± 9.1	67.5 ± 7.7	79.8 ± 5.6	<0.001
FPG (mg/dL)	82.4 ± 8.3	81.9 ± 8.1	83.5 ± 8.7	<0.001
2-hour PG (mg/dL)	112.0 ± 29.5	111.2 ± 28.9	113.7 ± 30.9	0.003
FPI (μIU/mL)	7.34 ± 4.83	7.18 ± 4.67	7.71 ± 5.15	<0.001
2-hour PI (μU/mL)	26.4 ± 24.6	26.2 ± 24.0	26.8 ± 25.9	0.354
HOMA-IR	1.50 ± 1.01	1.46 ± 0.97	1.59 ± 1.10	<0.001
Hemoglobin A1C (%)	5.52 ± 0.34	5.50 ± 0.33	5.57 ± 0.35	<0.001
TC (mg/dL)	188.0 ± 33.2	186.3 ± 32.4	191.7 ± 34.8	<0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	45.3 ± 9.9	45.3 ± 9.7	45.4 ± 10.2	0.845
LDL-C (mg/dL)	114.5 ± 30.6	114.1 ± 29.6	115.5 ± 32.7	0.105
TG (mg/dL)	140.6 ± 64.6	134.5 ± 61.5	154.1 ± 69.0	<0.001
TG/HDL-C	3.38 ± 2.04	3.23 ± 1.95	3.70 ± 2.19	<0.001

The data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical differences between groups were compared with one-way ANOVA
BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour PG plasma glucose 2-hours post-glucose challenge, FPI fasting insulin, 2-hour PI plasma insulin 2-hours post-glucose challenge, HOMA-IR homeostatic model for insulin resistance, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride

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