Effects of analogue insulin in multiple daily injection therapy of type 2 diabetes on postprandial glucose control and cardiac function compared to human insulin: a randomized controlled long-term study

Table 3 Parameters of diastolic function in the fasting state and post meal (pp)

Parameter	MDI insulin regimen	At baseline	At 36 months	p
E’ (cm/s)	Analogue Human	7.8 ± 1.4 8.2 ± 1.7	8.4 ± 1.7 8.2 ± 1.7	0.069 0.738
E’ pp (cm/s)	Analogue Human	7.6 ± 1.6 8.1 ± 1.8	8.5 ± 1.6 8.2 ± 1.8	0.009 0.435
E/A	Analogue Human	0.96 ± 0.3 0.93 ± 0.25	1.11 ± 0.39 1.01 ± 0.30	0.030 0.061
E/A pp	Analogue Human	0.94 ± 0.30 0.92 ± 0.26	1.18 ± 0.46 1.01 ± 0.32	0.005 0.055
E (cm/s)	Analogue Human	70 ± 17 70 ± 20	74 ± 19 72 ± 17	0.296 0.097
E pp (cm/s)	Analogue Human	71 ± 18 74 ± 20	76 ± 21 72 ± 15	0.001 0.068
A (cm/s)	Analogue Human	76 ± 18 75 ± 21	70 ± 19 74 ± 23	0.061 0.368
A pp (cm/s)	Analogue Human	71 ± 18 74 ± 20	68 ± 18 75 ± 22	0.430 0.957
E/E’ (mmHg)	Analogue Human	8.9 {7.5–10.9} 8.1 {7.0–9.6}	8.5 {7–10.3} 8.4 {7.5–10.0}	0.870 0.136
E/E’ pp (mmHg)	Analogue Human	8.3 {7.1–10.1} 8.3 {7.3–9.9}	8.3 {7.2–10.8} 8.1 {7.4–10.8}	0.670 0.203

Italics p values indicate significant changes at 36 months
Mean ± SD or median {interquartile range} respectively
E’ early diastolic myocardial velocity by tissue Doppler, E early diastolic mitral inflow velocity, A late diastolic mitral inflow velocity, E/A ratio of mitral inflow velocities, E/E’ estimated LV filling pressure

ISSN: 1475-2840