Table 1 Demographics and baseline data of patients

Age

Years

60.4 ± 9.5

63.1 ± 10.6

Sex male

n (%)

46 (75)

31 (65)

BMI

kg/m²

32 ± 5

32 ± 6

Duration of diabetes

Years

10 {5–15}

9.5 {5–14}

Insulin dose MDI

IE/d

56 {37–83}

50 {36–70}

Metformin

n (%)

13 (21)

16 (33)

Hypertension

n (%)

58 (95)

42 (88)

Smoking

n (%)

17 (28)

15 (31)

Myocardial infarction

n (%)

14 (23)

8 (17)

Betablocker

n (%)

23 (38)

18 (38)

ACE-inhibitor

n (%)

37 (60)

33 (69)

Calcium channel blocker

n (%)

9 (15)

10 (21)

AT1 blocker

n (%)

15 (25)

8 (17)

Diuretics

n (%)

23 (38)

20 (42)

Statins

n (%)

28 (46)

25 (52)

Aspirin

n (%)

30 (49)

23 (48)

Glucose fasting

mg/dl

163 ± 54

163 ± 45

Glucose pp

mg/dl

183 ± 69

185 ± 50

HbA1c

%

7.3 ± 1.7

7.7 ± 1.8

Intact proinsulin^a

pmol/l

5 {2.7–7.6}

4.8 {3.2–8.2}

Triglycerides

mg/dl

137{102–177}

117 {94–184}

Cholesterol

mg/dl

187 ± 36

188 ± 42

LDL

mg/dl

114 ± 34

113 ± 37

HDL

mg/dl

46 {38–53}

48 {39–54}

Creatinine

mg/dl

0.9 {0.8–1.08}

0.9 {0.7–1.1}

ASAT

U/l

29 {24–40}

27 {23–39}

CRP

mg/dl

0.28 {0.13–0.5}

0.3 {0.15–0.58}

S’

cm/s

7.6 ± 1.1

7.6 ± 1

E’

cm/s

7.8 ± 1.4

8.2 ± 1.7

LV end-diastolic diameter

mm

44 {42–48}

44 {41–48}

Septal thickness

mm

12 {11–14}

12 {11–13}

Mitral E/A

0.9 {0.7–1.1}

0.9 {0.8–1.1}

E/E’

mmHg

8.9 {7.5–10.9}

8.1 {7.0–9.6}

Intima media thickness

mm

0.7 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.2

Εlasticity modulus Ɛ

kPa

140 {113–228}

165{136–259}

Pulse wave velocity

m/s

7.3 {6.6–9.2}

8.3 {7.0–9.9}

Heart rate

bpm

71 {63–78}

69 {64–80}

Systolic blood pressure

mmHg

140 {129–152}

140{123–150}

Diastolic blood pressure

mmHg

83 ± 12

81 ± 9