Cohort comparison study of cardiac disease and atherosclerotic burden in type 2 diabetic adults using whole body cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

Table 1 Population demographics of the participants

	Group 1 CVD+ DM+	Group 2 CVD− DM+	Group 3 CVD+ DM−	Group 4 CVD− DM−	p value
N	34	55	30	29
Male (%)	76*	56	73	41	0.015
Age (years)	65 ± 7	63 ± 8	67 ± 9**	62 ± 8	0.03
BMI (kg/m²)	31 ± 4*	30 ± 6*	29 ± 4	28 ± 4	0.009
Hypertension	24 (75 %)*	34 (62 %)^{^}	27 (90 %)*	7 (24 %)	<0.001
Systolic BP	132 ± 13	137 ± 14	137 ± 15	133 ± 15	0.4
Diastolic BP	74 ± 8	78 ± 8	76 ± 9	78 ± 9	0.25
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.69 ± 0.5*	1.98 ± 0.8*	1.97 ± 0.6*	2.80 ± 0.8	<0.001
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.11 ± 0.3*	1.26 ± 0.3*	1.27 ± 0.5	1.53 ± 0.4	0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	2.08 ± 1.0	1.70 ± 0.8	1.60 ± 0.9	1.76 ± 1.0	0.18
Creatinine	86.3 ± 24	73.1 ± 17	80.7 ± 17	70.6 ± 15	0.003
HbA1c	7.3 (6–11)^	7.3 (5–12)^	5.7 (5–8)	5.6 (5–6)	<0.001
Duration of diabetes (years)	10.4 ± 4.7	9 ± 6.2			0.3
Current/ex smoker (%)	72	49	60	52	0.37
Medications
Antihypertensive therapy (%)	84**	56*	93**	28	<0.001
Number antihypertensive agents	1.83 ± 1.0**	0.96 ± 1.0	1.93 ± 0.9**	0.39 ± 0.1	<0.001
Statin	88*	73*	80*	25	<0.001
Prior cardiovascular events^a
CAD	75		77		0.88
Cerebrovascular	19		23		0.66
LEAD	19		17		0.83

Values expressed as mean ± SD, or N (%)
Group 1, T2DM and CVD; Group 2, T2DM, no CVD; Group 3, CVD; Group 4, healthy volunteers
BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CAD coronary artery disease, LEAD lower extremity arterial disease
* p < 0.05 compared to Group 4
** p < 0.05 compared to Groups 2 and 4
^{^}p < 0.05 compared to Groups 3 and 4
^aGroups add up to >100 % as several individuals had more than one prior cardiovascular event

ISSN: 1475-2840