| Group 1 CVD+ DM+ | Group 2 CVD− DM+ | Group 3 CVD+ DM− | Group 4 CVD− DM− | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 34 | 55 | 30 | 29 | Â |
Male (%) | 76* | 56 | 73 | 41 | 0.015 |
Age (years) | 65 ± 7 | 63 ± 8 | 67 ± 9** | 62 ± 8 | 0.03 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31 ± 4* | 30 ± 6* | 29 ± 4 | 28 ± 4 | 0.009 |
Hypertension | 24 (75Â %)* | 34 (62Â %)^ | 27 (90Â %)* | 7 (24Â %) | <0.001 |
Systolic BP | 132 ± 13 | 137 ± 14 | 137 ± 15 | 133 ± 15 | 0.4 |
Diastolic BP | 74 ± 8 | 78 ± 8 | 76 ± 9 | 78 ± 9 | 0.25 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.69 ± 0.5* | 1.98 ± 0.8* | 1.97 ± 0.6* | 2.80 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.11 ± 0.3* | 1.26 ± 0.3* | 1.27 ± 0.5 | 1.53 ± 0.4 | 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 2.08 ± 1.0 | 1.70 ± 0.8 | 1.60 ± 0.9 | 1.76 ± 1.0 | 0.18 |
Creatinine | 86.3 ± 24 | 73.1 ± 17 | 80.7 ± 17 | 70.6 ± 15 | 0.003 |
HbA1c | 7.3 (6–11)^ | 7.3 (5–12)^ | 5.7 (5–8) | 5.6 (5–6) | <0.001 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 10.4 ± 4.7 | 9 ± 6.2 |  |  | 0.3 |
Current/ex smoker (%) | 72 | 49 | 60 | 52 | 0.37 |
Medications | |||||
 Antihypertensive therapy (%) | 84** | 56* | 93** | 28 | <0.001 |
 Number antihypertensive agents | 1.83 ± 1.0** | 0.96 ± 1.0 | 1.93 ± 0.9** | 0.39 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
 Statin | 88* | 73* | 80* | 25 | <0.001 |
Prior cardiovascular eventsa | |||||
 CAD | 75 |  | 77 |  | 0.88 |
 Cerebrovascular | 19 |  | 23 |  | 0.66 |
 LEAD | 19 |  | 17 |  | 0.83 |