Fig. 3
From: Short-term high glucose exposure impairs insulin signaling in endothelial cells
Insulin administration enhanced AKT and eNOS phosphorylation in NG in a concentration-dependent manner, but had no effects in HG in HUVECs. Confluent HUVECs were exposed to 5 mmol/L (NG) or 25 mmol/L (HG) glucose for 24 h. During the last 30 min HUVECs were treated with different physiological concentrations of insulin: 10−10 M = 100 pmol/L, 10−9 M = 10 nmol/L and 10−8 M = 1 nmol/L. Whole cell lysates were prepared for immunoblot analysis of AKT and eNOS phosphorylation. The panels show representative images of different independent experiments. Densitometric values were normalized to total amounts of AKT and eNOS, respectively. Bars represent mean ± SEM for five independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 HG vs. NG