Table 1 Demographic, clinical and dietary variables of study participants

Age (years)

56 ± 1

55 ± 1

Gender (M/F)

10/7

7/10

Number of MetS components

2.7 ± 0.3

2.5 ± 0.3

Clinical parameters

 Body weight (kg)

97.8 ± 4.0

98.6 ± 4.1

 Body mass index (kg/m²)

32.8 ± 0.9

33.9 ± 1.7

 Waist circumference (cm)

106.1 ± 2.3

107.8 ± 2.8

 Waist to hip ratio

0.91 ± 0.02

0.91 ± 0.02

 Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.8 ± 0.1

6.1 ± 0.2

 2-h glucose (mmol/L)

9.6 ± 0.7

10.4 ± 0.7

 Fasting insulin (mU/L)

17.7 ± 1.6

18.0 ± 1.4

 HOMA-IR

4.8 ± 0.4

4.9 ± 0.5

 M (mg kg FFM min⁻¹)

9.49 ± 0.82

10.24 ± 0.93

 Insulin clearance (mL m² min⁻¹)

382 ± 20

352 ± 14

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.5 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.2

 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.29 ± 0.07

1.20 ± 0.06

 LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.4 ± 0.1

3.9 ± 0.2

Clinic systolic BP (mmHg)

127 ± 4

121 ± 2

 Clinic diastolic BP (mmHg)

72 ± 2

69 ± 2

 Clinic heart rate (bpm)

62 ± 2

62 ± 2

 7-day pedometry (steps per day)

8021 ± 724

8824 ± 1100

Habitual dietary intake

 Energy (kcal/day)

2081 ± 158

2067 ± 86

 Fat (% energy)

34 ± 2

36 ± 1

 Saturated fat (% energy)

14 ± 1

15 ± 1

 Protein (% energy)

19 ± 1

18 ± 1

 Carbohydrate (% energy)

44 ± 2

41 ± 2

 Alcohol (% energy)

2 ± 1

2 ± 1

 24-h urinary sodium (mmol/day)

155 ± 20

157 ± 14