Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study subjects
From: Normal-weight obesity is associated with increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis
|  | Entire population n = 2078 | NWL n = 1795 | NWO n = 283 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 53.4 ± 9.2 | 52.8 ± 9.2 | 57.6 ± 8.2 | <0.001 |
Male (n, %) | 1141 (54.9) | 1026 (57.2) | 115 (40.6) | <0.001 |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 |
 Current smoker (n, %) | 369 (17.8) | 332 (18.5) | 37 (13.1) |  |
 Ex-smoker (n, %) | 557 (29.1) | 494 (27.5) | 63 (22.3) |  |
 Non-smoker (n, %) | 1152 (55.4) | 969 (54.0) | 183 (64.7) |  |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 123.4 ± 15.6 | 122.5 ± 15.5 | 128.6 ± 15.7 | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.0 ± 10.1 | 76.6 ± 10.1 | 79.6 ± 9.3 | <0.001 |
BMI | 22.37 ± 1.7 | 22.53 ± 4.3 | 23.9 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
Body fat percentage (%) | 24.4 ± 4.8 | 23.5 ± 4.3 | 30.1 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
Visceral fat (kg) | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 1.75 ± 0.5 | 2.50 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
Subcutaneous fat (kg) | 12.9 ± 2.5 | 12.5 ± 2.2 | 16.0 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 96.1 ± 17.3 | 95.7 ± 17.5 | 99.1 ± 15.9 | 0.004 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193.5 ± 34.8 | 192.5 ± 34.6 | 199.6 ± 35.5 | 0.017 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 107.8 ± 64.9 | 106.4 ± 65.1 | 116.6 ± 63.3 | <0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.8 ± 12.7 | 51.0 ± 12.8 | 49.6 ± 11.3 | 0.002 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 118.0 ± 30.9 | 117.1 ± 30.6 | 123.9 ± 32.2 | 0.002 |
ALT (IU/L) | 22.5 ± 17.35 | 21.9 ± 17.5 | 26.4 ± 15.87 | <0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 1.2 ± 2.0 | 1.2 ± 2.0 | 1.6 ± 2.3 | 0.003 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 697 (33.5) | 555 (30.9) | 142 (50.2) | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 221 (10.6) | 184 (10.3) | 37 (13.1) | 0.656 |
BP medication (n, %) | 409 (19.7) | 319 (17.8) | 90 (31.8) | <0.001 |
Diabetes medication (n, %) | 145 (7.0) | 118 (6.6) | 27 (9.5) | 0.677 |
Lipid lowering agent (n, %) | 214 (10.3) | 169 (9.4) | 45 (15.9) | 0.181 |
Antiplatelet agent (n, %) | 223 (10.7) | 186 (10.4) | 37 (13.1) | 0.971 |
Fatty liver (n, %) | 671 (32.3) | 531 (29.6) | 140 (49.5) | <0.001 |
Alcohol intake (cup/month) | 32.4 ± 11.8 | 34.0 ± 64.2 | 22.03 ± 48.4 | 0.867 |
Excessive salt intake (n, %) | 459 (25.1) | 395 (25.0) | 64 (25.6) | 0.283 |
Physical activity (n, %) | 1432 (73.7) | 1245 (74.5) | 187 (69.0) | 0.049 |