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Table 6 HRs of IS or TIA associated with potential risk factors, overall and stratified by eGFR category

From: Cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in a cohort of 57,946 patients with type 2 diabetes: associations with renal function and cardiovascular risk factors

 

Non–IS/TIA

IS/TIA

 

eGFR category

 

n = 54,161

n = 3785

Overall

15–29 mL/min

30–44 mL/min

45–59 mL/min

≥60 mL/min

 

Number (%)

Number (%)

HR a (95% CI)

HR b (95% CI)

HR b (95% CI)

HR b (95% CI)

HR b (95% CI)

Sex

  Men

30,055 (55.5)

2062 (54.5)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  Women

24,106 (44.5)

1723 (45.5)

0.95 (0.89–1.02)

1.52 (0.94–2.46)

1.07 (0.85–1.33)

0.91 (0.80–1.04)

0.93 (0.86–1.02)

Age at start date (years)

  20–49

5614 (10.4)

109 (2.9)

1 (−)

–

–

1 (−)

1 (−)

  50–74

35,722 (66.0)

2350 (62.1)

2.83 (2.32–3.43)

0.82 (0.53–1.25)

0.74 (0.60–0.92)

1.54 (0.80–2.99)

2.76 (2.25–3.39)

  ≥75

12,825 (23.7)

1326 (35.0)

5.33 (4.35–6.54)

1 (−)

1 (−)

2.69 (1.38–5.24)

5.95 (4.77–7.42)

Duration of diabetes (years)

  <5

24,591 (45.4)

1458 (38.5)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  5–9

15,945 (29.4)

1178 (31.1)

1.12 (1.04–1.21)

0.99 (0.58–1.69)

1.10 (0.85–1.42)

1.12 (0.96–1.30)

1.12 (1.01–1.23)

  10–14

7874 (14.5)

629 (16.6)

1.16 (1.06–1.28)

0.73 (0.37–1.43)

1.05 (0.78–1.42)

1.14 (0.95–1.37)

1.20 (1.06–1.36)

  ≥15

5751 (10.6)

520 (13.7)

1.27 (1.15–1.41)

1.26 (0.72–2.22)

1.35 (1.01–1.82)

1.15 (0.94–1.41)

1.29 (1.13–1.48)

BMI (kg/m2)

  15–19

851 (1.6)

64 (1.7)

1.18 (0.91–1.52)

1.26 (0.29–5.55)

1.65 (0.82–3.34)

1.44 (0.89–2.33)

0.98 (0.69–1.39)

  20–24

8894 (16.4)

652 (17.2)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  25–29

19,554 (36.1)

1457 (38.5)

1.01 (0.92–1.10)

0.71 (0.38–1.32)

1.09 (0.80–1.47)

1.13 (0.93–1.36)

0.97 (0.86–1.09)

  ≥30

21,625 (39.9)

1334 (35.2)

0.93 (0.84–1.02)

0.70 (0.39–1.27)

1.03 (0.75–1.40)

1.10 (0.91–1.34)

0.86 (0.76–0.98)

  Unknown

3237 (6.0)

278 (7.3)

1.24 (1.07–1.43)

1.31 (0.63–2.69)

1.45 (0.96–2.18)

1.40 (1.06–1.85)

1.11 (0.91–1.36)

Smoking status

  Non–smoker

28,212 (52.1)

1963 (51.9)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  Current

9463 (17.5)

665 (17.6)

1.19 (1.09–1.30)

0.74 (0.33–1.65)

1.20 (0.88–1.64)

1.13 (0.94–1.37)

1.24 (1.11–1.38)

  Former

14,046 (25.9)

965 (25.5)

1.03 (0.95–1.11)

1.09 (0.66–1.81)

0.80 (0.62–1.04)

0.91 (0.78–1.07)

1.12 (1.01–1.24)

  Unknown

2440 (4.5)

192 (5.1)

1.06 (0.91–1.24)

1.66 (0.81–3.40)

1.17 (0.75–1.83)

1.14 (0.85–1.54)

0.97 (0.79–1.20)

Number of medications

  0–1

14,249 (26.3)

758 (20.0)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  2–4

19,205 (35.5)

1253 (33.1)

1.14 (1.04–1.25)

1.48 (0.68–3.23)

1.02 (0.72–1.46)

1.17 (0.97–1.41)

1.12 (1.00–1.25)

  5–9

17,266 (31.9)

1414 (37.4)

1.28 (1.16–1.40)

1.06 (0.51–2.20)

1.11 (0.80–1.54)

1.16 (0.97–1.40)

1.34 (1.20–1.51)

  ≥10

3441 (6.4)

360 (9.5)

1.65 (1.44–1.89)

1.15 (0.50–2.62)

1.42 (0.96–2.09)

1.77 (1.38–2.27)

1.64 (1.36–1.97)

HbA1c (%)

  <7.00

18,214 (33.6)

1168 (30.9)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

 

1 (−)

  7.00–7.99

12,029 (22.2)

794 (21.0)

1.02 (0.93–1.12)

1.56 (0.89–2.74)

0.95 (0.72–1.25)

0.96 (0.81–1.14)

1.04 (0.92–1.17)

  8.00–8.99

6730 (12.4)

491 (13.0)

1.12 (1.00–1.24)

0.72 (0.31–1.63)

1.17 (0.83–1.63)

0.93 (0.75–1.15)

1.22 (1.06–1.39)

  9.00–9.99

4297 (7.9)

337 (8.9)

1.30 (1.15–1.47)

1.15 (0.46–2.87)

1.24 (0.84–1.83)

1.32 (1.03–1.68)

1.33 (1.14–1.56)

  ≥10.00

4474 (8.3)

324 (8.6)

1.33 (1.17–1.51)

1.17 (0.53–2.58)

0.72 (0.42–1.24)

1.13 (0.86–1.48)

1.52 (1.31–1.77)

  Missing

8417 (15.5)

671 (17.7)

1.20 (1.09–1.33)

1.36 (0.77–2.41)

0.96 (0.72–1.30)

1.15 (0.96–1.39)

1.28 (1.13–1.44)

Comorbiditiesc

  Hypertension

30,384 (56.1)

2368 (62.6)

1.07 (1.00–1.14)

0.81 (0.52–1.28)

1.06 (0.84–1.33)

1.09 (0.95–1.25)

1.07 (0.98–1.16)

  Hyperlipidemia

3648 (6.7)

350 (9.2)

1.23 (1.09–1.39)

1.79 (1.15–2.79)

1.42 (1.10–1.82)

1.21 (0.98–1.48)

1.17 (0.96–1.43)

  History of MI

5134 (9.5)

447 (11.8)

0.97 (0.87–1.08)

1.12 (0.65–1.91)

0.77 (0.57–1.03)

1.06 (0.87–1.30)

0.98 (0.84–1.14)

  History of IS/TIA

4710 (8.7)

965 (25.5)

3.26 (3.02–3.52)

1.97 (1.25–3.12)

2.89 (2.33–3.59)

3.09 (2.68–3.57)

3.57 (3.22–3.95)

  History of IHDd

9308 (17.2)

890 (23.5)

1.16 (1.07–1.27)

0.81 (0.50–1.31)

1.45 (1.15–1.83)

1.06 (0.91–1.24)

1.18 (1.05–1.32)

  COPD

2458 (4.5)

193 (5.1)

1.04 (0.89–1.20)

1.15 (0.56–2.39)

0.79 (0.50–1.26)

1.07 (0.81–1.41)

1.03 (0.85–1.26)

  Thyroid disease

4571 (8.4)

361 (9.5)

1.01 (0.90–1.13)

0.72 (0.40–1.31)

0.97 (0.72–1.29)

0.99 (0.81–1.21)

1.07 (0.91–1.25)

  DVT

3139 (5.8)

290 (7.7)

1.15 (1.02–1.29)

0.67 (0.32–1.39)

1.50 (1.09–2.07)

1.30 (1.05–1.60)

1.02 (0.85–1.21)

  PAD

3330 (6.1)

365 (9.6)

1.22 (1.09–1.36)

0.96 (0.54–1.68)

1.35 (1.02–1.77)

1.36 (1.11–1.67)

1.15 (0.98–1.35)

  Anemia

3298 (6.1)

263 (6.9)

1.04 (0.92–1.19)

0.82 (0.47–1.44)

1.01 (0.74–1.38)

1.05 (0.83–1.33)

1.08 (0.90–1.30)

  Atrial fibrillation

3273 (6.0)

221 (5.8)

0.95 (0.83–1.09)

0.61 (0.22–1.68)

0.82 (0.52–1.29)

0.85 (0.63–1.13)

1.05 (0.89–1.24)

  Heart failure

3755 (6.9)

256 (6.8)

0.97 (0.86–1.11)

0.76 (0.30–1.91)

1.08 (0.74–1.57)

1.06 (0.83–1.34)

0.95 (0.80–1.12)

  Gout

3299 (6.1)

300 (7.9)

1.17 (1.04–1.32)

0.86 (0.47–1.59)

1.15 (0.84–1.59)

1.34 (1.07–1.66)

1.11 (0.94–1.32)

  Cancer

4845 (8.9)

450 (11.9)

1.30 (1.18–1.44)

0.84 (0.42–1.69)

1.33 (1.01–1.75)

1.09 (0.90–1.33)

1.43 (1.25–1.63)

  1. aAdjusted for sex, age at start date, duration of diabetes, BMI, smoking status, number of medications, HbA1c level, presence of hypertension hyperlidemia, and history of MI, IS/TIA, IHD and eGFR category. bAdjusted for sex, age at start date, duration of diabetes, BMI, smoking status, number of medications, HbA1c level, presence of hypertension hyperlidemia, and history of MI, IS/TIA, and IHD. cRelative to absence of comorbidity. dExcluding MI.
  2. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HR, hazard ratio; IHD, ischemic heart disease; IS, ischemic stroke; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; TIA TIA, transient ischemic attack.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

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