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Table 5 HRs of MI associated with potential risk factors, overall and stratified by eGFR category

From: Cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in a cohort of 57,946 patients with type 2 diabetes: associations with renal function and cardiovascular risk factors

 

Non–MI

MI

 

eGFR category

 

n = 54,511

n = 3435

Overall

15–29 mL/min

30–44 mL/min

45–59 mL/min

≥60 mL/min

 

Number (%)

Number (%)

HR a (95% CI)

HR b (95% CI)

HR b (95% CI)

HR b (95% CI)

HR b (95% CI)

Sex

  Men

29,966 (55.0)

2151 (62.6)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  Women

25,545 (45.0)

1284 (37.4)

0.71 (0.66–0.77)

1.15 (0.74–1.78)

0.90 (0.73–1.11)

0.78 (0.68–0.90)

0.62 (0.56–0.69)

Age at start date (years)

  20–49

5573 (10.2)

150 (4.4)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  50–74

35,880 (65.8)

2192 (63.8)

1.73 (1.46–2.05)

0.39 (0.05–2.96)

1.27 (0.31–5.17)

1.04 (0.57–1.91)

1.75 (1.46–2.10)

  ≥75

13,058 (24.0)

1093 (31.8)

2.99 (2.49–3.59)

0.44 (0.06–3.35)

1.77 (0.44–7.22)

1.76 (0.96–3.23)

3.26 (2.66–4.00)

Duration of diabetes (years)

  <5

24,828 (45.6)

1221 (35.6)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  5–9

16,112 (29.6)

1011 (29.4)

1.14 (1.05–1.24)

0.55 (0.29–1.03)

1.04 (0.81–1.34)

1.20 (1.01–1.42)

1.15 (1.04–1.28)

  10–14

7845 (14.4)

658 (19.2)

1.43 (1.30–1.58)

1.41 (0.79–2.52)

0.98 (0.73–1.31)

1.62 (1.34–1.95)

1.44 (1.27–1.63)

  ≥15

5726 (10.5)

545 (15.9)

1.54 (1.39–1.71)

1.41 (0.81–2.46)

1.44 (1.09–1.89)

1.69 (1.38–2.06)

1.47 (1.28–1.70)

BMI (kg/m2)

  15–19

863 (1.6)

52 (1.5)

1.25 (0.94–1.66)

–

0.73 (0.27–2.01)

1.12 (0.65–1.94)

1.50 (1.05–2.13)

  20–24

8999 (16.5)

547 (15.9)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  25–29

19,633 (36.0)

1378 (40.1)

1.08 (0.98–1.19)

1.12 (0.64–1.98)

1.20 (0.91–1.59)

1.05 (0.87–1.27)

1.06 (0.93–1.21)

  ≥30

21,713 (39.8)

1246 (36.3)

1.01 (0.91–1.12)

0.67 (0.37–1.22)

0.90 (0.67–1.22)

0.99 (0.81–1.22)

1.05 (0.91–1.20)

Unknown

3303 (6.1)

212 (6.2)

1.22 (1.04–1.44)

0.45 (0.16–1.24)

0.95 (0.60–1.48)

1.38 (1.02–1.87)

1.27 (1.01–1.59)

Smoking status

  Non–smoker

28,484 (52.3)

1691 (49.2)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  Current

9427 (17.3)

701 (20.4)

1.40 (1.28–1.53)

0.84 (0.42–1.70)

1.23 (0.91–1.66)

1.41 (1.17–1.70)

1.43 (1.27–1.59)

  Former

14,116 (25.9)

895 (26.1)

0.99 (0.91–1.08)

0.85 (0.52–1.39)

0.87 (0.68–1.11)

1.03 (0.88–1.21)

1.01 (0.91–1.13)

  Unknown

2484 (4.6)

148 (4.3)

0.98 (0.82–1.17)

0.74 (0.26–2.14)

1.22 (0.78–1.91)

1.12 (0.80–1.56)

0.89 (0.70–1.12)

Number of medications

  0–1

14,314 (26.3)

693 (20.2)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  2–4

19,322 (35.4)

1136 (33.1)

1.15 (1.05–1.27)

0.66 (0.31–1.40)

1.44 (1.02–2.04)

1.31 (1.08–1.59)

1.08 (0.96–1.21)

  5–9

17,413 (31.9)

1267 (36.9)

1.18 (1.07–1.30)

0.96 (0.51–1.82)

1.29 (0.93–1.80)

1.22 (1.01–1.48)

1.12 (0.99–1.27)

  ≥10

3462 (6.4)

339 (9.9)

1.41 (1.23–1.62)

0.65 (0.30–1.44)

1.54 (1.04–2.29)

1.28 (0.97–1.69)

1.57 (1.31–1.89)

HbA1c (%)

  <7.00

18,429 (33.8)

953 (27.7)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

1 (−)

  7.00–7.99

12,074 (22.2)

749 (21.8)

1.15 (1.05–1.27)

0.98 (0.54–1.78)

1.17 (0.90–1.52)

0.90 (0.74–1.09)

1.30 (1.14–1.48)

  8.00–8.99

6721 (12.3)

500 (14.6)

1.33 (1.19–1.49)

0.83 (0.40–1.70)

1.23 (0.89–1.71)

1.22 (0.99–1.51)

1.45 (1.26–1.68)

  9.00–9.99

4310 (7.9)

324 (9.4)

1.40 (1.23–1.59)

1.23 (0.54–2.76)

1.28 (0.88–1.89)

1.24 (0.96–1.60)

1.53 (1.30–1.81)

  ≥10.00

4468 (8.6)

330 (9.6)

1.53 (1.35–1.74)

0.82 (0.38–1.78)

0.89 (0.55–1.43)

1.38 (1.07–1.80)

1.77 (1.51–2.08)

  Missing

8509 (15.6)

579 (16.9)

1.24 (1.11–1.37)

1.32 (0.76–2.30)

0.90 (0.67–1.22)

1.23 (1.01–1.50)

1.34 (1.16–1.54)

Comorbiditiesc

  Hypertension

30,684 (56.3)

2068 (60.2)

1.05 (0.98–1.13)

0.73 (0.46–1.14)

0.82 (0.67–1.01)

1.08 (0.94–1.25)

1.09 (1.00–1.20)

  Hyperlipidemia

3574 (6.6)

424 (12.3)

1.39 (1.25–1.56)

1.57 (1.02–2.41)

1.53 (1.21–1.94)

1.45 (1.20–1.76)

1.31 (1.09–1.58)

  History of MI

4778 (8.8)

803 (23.4)

1.94 (1.77–2.12)

2.25 (1.44–3.52)

1.80 (1.41–2.30)

1.99 (1.68–2.37)

1.93 (1.71–2.19)

  History of IS/TIA

5187 (9.5)

488 (14.2)

1.29 (1.17–1.43)

1.17 (0.71–1.92)

1.19 (0.92–1.53)

1.21 (1.01–1.45)

1.42 (1.24–1.63)

  History of IHDd

9021 (16.5)

1177 (34.3)

1.66 (1.53–1.80)

1.35 (0.88–2.08)

1.34 (1.07–1.68)

1.57 (1.35–1.83)

1.81 (1.62–2.02)

  COPD

2453 (4.5)

198 (5.8)

1.17 (1.01–1.35)

0.83 (0.35–1.96)

1.13 (0.78–1.66)

1.08 (0.81–1.43)

1.24 (1.01–1.52)

  Thyroid disease

4648 (8.5)

284 (8.3)

0.96 (0.85–1.09)

1.37 (0.80–2.36)

0.86 (0.64–1.17)

0.91 (0.73–1.13)

1.01 (0.84–1.21)

  DVT

3199 (5.9)

230 (6.7)

1.03 (0.90–1.18)

0.43 (0.19–0.98)

1.03 (0.73–1.46)

0.88 (0.68–1.15)

1.17 (0.97–1.40)

  PAD

3253 (6.0)

442 (12.9)

1.53 (1.38–1.70)

1.15 (0.70–1.91)

1.55 (1.20–2.00)

1.40 (1.14–1.71)

1.67 (1.45–1.93)

  Anemia

3310 (6.1)

251 (7.3)

1.12 (0.98–1.28)

1.04 (0.63–1.73)

0.93 (0.68–1.27)

1.18 (0.94–1.50)

1.18 (0.97–1.44)

  Atrial fibrillation

3273 (6.0)

221 (6.4)

1.08 (0.95–1.24)

0.96 (0.41–2.24)

0.77 (0.49–1.22)

1.07 (0.81–1.41)

1.17 (0.99–1.39)

  Heart failure

3759 (6.9)

252 (7.3)

1.06 (0.93–1.21)

0.83 (0.39–1.79)

0.59 (0.37–0.95)

1.02 (0.79–1.32)

1.21 (1.03–1.42)

  Gout

3359 (6.2)

240 (7.0)

0.93 (0.81–1.06)

1.25 (0.72–2.20)

0.81 (0.57–1.13)

1.17 (0.92–1.49)

0.83 (0.68–1.01)

  Cancer

4986 (9.1)

309 (9.0)

1.00 (0.89–1.13)

1.61 (0.92–2.85)

0.83 (0.60–1.14)

1.07 (0.87–1.32)

0.97 (0.82–1.15)

  1. aAdjusted for sex, age at start date, duration of diabetes, BMI, smoking status, number of medications, HbA1c level, presence of hypertension hyperlidemia, and history of MI, IS/TIA, IHD and eGFR category. bAdjusted for sex, age at start date, duration of diabetes, BMI, smoking status, number of medications, HbA1c level, presence of hypertension hyperlidemia, and history of MI, IS/TIA, and IHD. cRelative to absence of comorbidity. dExcluding MI.
  2. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HR, hazard ratio; IHD, ischemic heart disease; IS, ischemic stroke; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

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