Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -3, -10, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 are associated with vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study

Table 2 Associations between lnMMP-1, −2, −3, −9, −10 and TIMP-1 and the LGI and ED scores

		Inflammation (z-score)			Endothelial dysfunction (z-score)
	Model	β	95% CI	p-value	β	95% CI	p-value
MMP-1	1	0.07	−0.02;0.15	0.112	0.00	−0.09;0.09	0.998
	2	0.08	0.00;0.16	0.047	0.00	−0.09;0.08	0.987
	3	0.08	−0.00;0.15	0.062	−0.01	−0.09;0.08	0.834
MMP-2	1	0.10	0.01;0.18	0.032	0.19	0.10;0.27	<0.001
	2	0.03	−0.06;0.12	0.526	0.14	0.04;0.23	0.004
	3	0.00	−0.08;0.09	0.950	0.13	0.04;0.22	0.006
MMP-3	1	0.26	0.16;0.36	<0.001	0.08	−0.03;0.19	0.137
	2	0.19	0.09;0.30	0.001	−0.02	−0.14;0.10	0.715
	3	0.17	0.06;0.28	0.003	−0.04	−0.16;0.08	0.474
MMP-9	1	0.16	0.08;0.25	<0.001	−0.02	−0.11;0.06	0.592
	2	0.17	0.09;0.24	<0.001	−0.02	−0.10;0.07	0.718
	3	0.16	0.08;0.24	<0.001	−0.02	−0.10;0.06	0.577
MMP-10	1	0.24	0.16;0.32	<0.001	0.13	0.04;0.21	0.003
	2	0.22	0.14;0.30	<0.001	0.11	0.02;0.20	0.019
	3	0.21	0.13;0.30	<0.001	0.10	0.01;0.19	0.029
TIMP-1	1	0.34	0.27;0.43	<0.001	0.25	0.17;0.33	<0.001
	2	0.29	0.21;0.38	<0.001	0.21	0.12;0.30	<0.001
	3	0.28	0.20;0.37	<0.001	0.20	0.11;0.29	<0.001

β, standardized regression coefficient: indicates increase in the low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction score (in SDs) per 1 SD increase in lnMMP-1, −2, −3, −9, −10 or TIMP-1. CI: confidence interval. MMP: matrix metalloproteinase.
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes and HbA1c.
Model 2: model 1 + BMI, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, systolic blood pressure, eGFR, smoking and antihypertensive medication.
Model 3: model 2 + CVD, albuminuria and retinopathy.

ISSN: 1475-2840