| Paired difference (12 months – baseline) | Unadjusted D-in-D | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | RAMP-DM (N = 1072) Mean (95% CI) | Usual care (N = 1072) Mean (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Coefficients (95% CI) | Coefficients (95% CI) | Coefficients (95% CI) |
HbA1c (%) | −0.11** (−0.18, −0.04) | 0.10* (0.01, 0.17) | −0.20** (−0.30,-0.09) | −0.14** (−0.23,-0.05) | −0.11* (−0.21, −0.02) | −0.11* (−0.20,-0.02) |
TC (mmol/L) | −0.27** (−0.33, −0.21) | −0.25** (−0.32, −0.19) | −0.02 (−0.10,0.07) | −0.07 (−0.15,0.01) | −0.07 (−0.15,0.01) | −0.06 (−0.12,0.03) |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | −0.31** (−0.38, −0.24) | −0.21** (−0.29, −0.13) | −0.10 (−0.21, 0.01) | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.12) | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.07) | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.11) |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.04** (0.03, 0.05) | 0.02* (0.002, 0.03) | 0.02* (0.01, 0.04) | 0.02 (−0.005, 0.04) | 0.02 (−0.004, 0.04) | 0.02 (−0.004, 0.04) |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | −0.09* (−0.18, −0.01) | −0.10** (−0.17, −0.03) | 0.02 (−0.14, 0.11) | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.16) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) |
SBP (mmHg) | −4.20** (−5.25, −3.04) | −0.58 (−0.65, 1.81) | −3.62** (−5.31, −1.93) | −0.21 (−1.58, 1.16) | −0.32 (−1.70, 1.04) | −0.40 (−1.73, 0.93) |
DBP (mmHg) | −2.53** (−3.18, −1.88) | −0.60 (−0.06, 1.26) | −1.73** (−2.10, −1.16) | −0.89* (−1.66, −0.11) | −0.95* (−1.73, −0.18) | −0.94* (−1.72, −0.16) |
BMI (kg/m2) | −0.32** (−0.41, −0.23) | −0.21** (−0.33, −0.07) | −0.11 (−0.26, 0.04) | −0.07 (−0.22, 0.08) | −0.06 (−0.21, 0.09) | −0.06 (−0.21, 0.09) |
Percentage reaching treatment target (%) | ||||||
HbA1c < 7% | 4.11* (0.63, 7.60) | −1.29 (−5.32, 2.75) | 5.40* (0.25, 10.55) | 4.24 (−0.79, 9.27) | 3.29 (−1.79, 8.37) | 3.16 (−1.93, 8.24) |
SBP < 130 mmHg | 5.34** (1.67, 9.02) | 2.19 (−1.79, 6.16) | 3.16 (−2.25, 8.57) | 4.08 (−1.00, 9.16) | 3.74 (−1.35, 8.83) | 3.71 (−1.39, 8.81) |
DBP < 80 mmHg | 8.87** (5.61, 12.14) | 0.98 (−2.24, 4.20) | 7.89** (3.42, 12.36) | 4.49* (0.34, 8.63) | 4.58* (0.40, 8.75) | 4.57* (0.39, 8.74) |
SBP/DBP < 130/80 mmHg | 6.20** (2.63, 9.77) | 0.43 (−3.43, 4.31) | 5.77* (0.51, 11.02) | 0.97 (−3.98, 5.93) | 7.25 (−4.25, 5.70) | 0.74 (−4.23, 5.73) |
LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L | 17.52** (12.80, 22.24) | 11.94** (5.53, 18.35) | 5.58 (−1.99, 13.15) | 0.07 (−7.47, 7.62) | 0.17 (−7.40, 7.74) | 0.50 (−7.00, 8.00) |
Predicted cardiovascular risk (%) | ||||||
Framingham 10-year CVD riska | −3.93** (−4.63, −3.32) | −1.87** (−2.70, −1.05) | −2.06** (−3.14, −0.98) | −1.70** (−2.69, −0.68) | −1.67 (−2.52, 0.73) | −1.73 (−2.65, 0.75) |
UKPDS 10-year CHD riskb | −3.00** (−3.54, −2.44) | −1.55** (−2.19, −0.92) | −1.43** (−2.23, −0.58) | −1.20** (−2.00, −0.43) | −1.22* (−2.02, −0.45) | −1.25* (−2.05, −0.45) |
UKPDS 10-year stroke riskc | −1.17** (−1.49, −0.85) | −0.46 (−0.01, 0.01) | −0.71* (−1.28, −0.15) | −0.96** (−1.50, −0.49) | −1.00** (−1.51, −0.49) | −0.77** (−1.30, −0.23) |