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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Effects of oral glucose-lowering drugs on long term outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus following myocardial infarction not treated with emergent percutaneous coronary intervention - a retrospective nationwide cohort study

 

Total

Metformin

Insulin

Glibenclamide

Glimepiride

Glipizide

Gliclazide

Tolbutamide

Combo*

(%)

9876

711(7.2)

2889(29.3)

1136(11.5)

1180(12.0)

569(5.8)

221(2.2)

543(5.5)

2615(26.5)

Age (mean [SD)

72.3(11.2)

68.7(11.4)

70.5(12.1)

75.3(10.3)

74.7(10.5)

75.6(10.2)

73.9(10.4)

76.1(10.6)

71.4(10.5)

Men (%)

5582 (56.5)

439(7.9)

1476(26.4)

666(11.9)

712(12.8)

323(5.8)

134(2.4)

300(5.4)

1522(27.3)

Age; men (mean [SD)

70.3(11.2)

66.8(11.0)

68.2(12.0)

73.1(10.6)

72.7(10.6)

73.5(10.6)

72.4(11.0)

73.8(11.1)

69.6(10.3)

Women (%)

4294(43.5)

272(6.3)

1413(32.9)

470(11.0)

468(10.9)

246(5.7)

87(2.0)

243(5.7)

1093(25.5)

Age; women (mean [SD)

75.0(10.7)

71.9(11.2)

73.0(11.8)

78.4(9.1)

77.9(9.6)

78.4(8.9)

76.0(9.0)

78.9(9.1)

73.9(10.1)

Study inclusion period

1997-1998

2034(20.6)

57(2.8)

566(27.8)

410(20.2)

56(2.8)

207(10.2)

43(2.1)

213(10.5)

482(23.7)

1999-2000

1898(19.2)

84(4.3)

557(29.4)

273(14.4)

200(10.5)

157(8.3)

44(2.3)

128(6.7)

451(23.8)

2001-2002

2310(23.4)

175(7.6)

684(29.6)

229(9.9)

328(14.2)

111(4.8)

44(1.9)

116(5.2)

620(26.8)

2003-2004

2031(20.6)

203(10.0)

581(28.6)

153(7.5)

349(17.2)

61(3.00)

61(3.00)

57(2.8)

564(27.8)

2005-2006

1603(16.2)

192(12.0)

501(31.3)

71(4.4)

247(15.4)

33(2.1)

29(1.8)

29(1.8)

498(31.1)

Comorbidity

Congestive heart failure

1963(19.9)

104(14.6)

621(21.5)

205(18.1)

239(20.3)

101(17.8)

44(19.9)

113(20.8)

536(20.5)

Cardiac dysrhythmias

1264(12.8)

81(11.4)

381(13.2)

134(11.8)

175(14.8)

66(11.6)

36(16.3)

72(13.3)

317(12.1)

Pulmonary oedema

332(3.4)

13(1.8)

99(3.4)

51(4.5)

19(1.6)

21(3.7)

6(2.7)

30(5.5)

93(3.6)

Shock

286(2.9)

14(2.0)

111(3.8)

27(2.4)

32(2.7)

17(3.0)

5(2.3)

12(2.2)

68(2.6)

Cerebrovascular disease

927(9.4)

51(7.2)

302(10.5)

85(7.5)

116(9.8)

45(7.9)

16(7.2)

67(12.3)

244(9.3)

Diabetes mellitus with

chronic complications

3830(38.8)

193(27.1)

1627(56.3)

26662(23.1)

364(30.9)

142(25.0)

62(28.1)

151(27.8)

1023(39.1)

Acute renal failure

213(2.2)

13(1.8)

108(3.7)

21(1.9)

13(1.1)

10(1.8)

5(2.3)

9(1.7)

34(1.3)

Chronic renal failure

267(2.7)

7(1.0)

150(5.2)

23(2.0)

33(2.8)

7(1.2)

3(1.4)

11(2.0)

33(1.3)

Cancer

465(4.7)

22(3.1)

162(5.6)

61(5.4)

64(5.4)

35(6.2)

9(4.1)

18(3.3)

92(3.5)

Concomitant medication

ACE inhibitors or ARBs

4515(45.7)

344(48.4)

1543(53.4)

354(31.2)

518(43.9)

195(34.3)

90(40.7)

173(31.9)

1291(49.4)

β-Blockers

2319(23.5)

181(25.5)

642(22.2)

273(24.0)

315(26.7)

125(22.0)

51(23.1)

97(17.9)

635(24.3)

Oral anticoagulants

591(6.0)

40(5.6)

171(5.9)

43(3.8)

84(7.1)

23(4.0)

23(10.4)

30(5.5)

176(6.7)

Loop diuretic agents

4188(42.4)

208(29.3)

1486(51.4)

416(36.6)

466(39.5)

216(38.0)

87(39.4)

216(39.8)

1092(41.8)

Spironolactone

783(7.9)

49(6.9)

267(9.2)

48(4.2)

107(9.1)

36(6.3)

15 (6.8)

29(5.3)

230(8.8)

Statins

2031(20.6)

218(30.7)

609(21.1)

106(9.3)

260(22.0)

53(9.3)

34(15.4)

50 (9.2)

697(26.7)

  1. *Combo = combinations of two or more GLDs. ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme ARB = angiotensin II receptor blockers. Only patients receiving monotherapy at baseline at the time of a study end point were examined. Patients receiving insulin and combination treatment were included in the table allowing for changes in treatment during the study period. 12 patients received acarbose treatment and were excluded from further analysis.