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Table 2 Patients characteristics* according to quintiles of GGT

From: The association of higher levels of within-normal-limits liver enzymes and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome

Men (N = 6561)

1st Quintile

2nd Quintile

3rd Quintile

4th Quintile

5th Quintile

ANOVA

P for linear trend

 

GGT<9

9≤GGT<12

12≤GGT<16

16≤GGT<21

21≤GGT≤42

P Value

 

N =

1318

1206

1443

1202

1392

  

Age (years)

44

(11)

44

(11)

44

(11)

44

(11)

44

(11)

0.482

0.848

Waist (cm)

95

(10)

95

(11)

95

(11)

95

(10)

95

(11)

0.721

0.165

BMI (kg/m2)

27

(4)

27

(4)

27

(4)

27

(4)

27

(4)

0.875

0.433

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

78

(8)

78

(8)

78

(9)

78

(9)

78

(9)

0.398

0.063

Systolic BP (mmHg)

124

(14)

125

(15)

123

(14)

125

(15)

124

(14)

0.062

0.244

Alcohol consumption (glasses/week)

1.1

(1.6)

1.0

(1.5)

1.0

(1.5)

1.1

(1.6)

1.0

(1.6)

0.458

0.466

Exercise intensity (hours/week)

2.4

(2.9)

2.2

(2.6)

2.3

(2.8)

2.2

(2.7)

2.3

(2.5)

0.327

0.254

Smoking status, n (%)

          

0.785

 

   Current

205

(15.9)

194

(16.3)

217

(15.4)

198

(16.8)

225

(16.5)

  

   Former

333

(25.9)

313

(26.4)

368

(26.1)

332

(28.1)

344

(25.2)

  

Hypertension, n (%)

301

(22.8)

298

(24.7)

347

(24.0)

329

(27.4)

339

(24.4)

0.113

 

Anti-hypertensive medications, n(%)

120

(9.1)

117

(9.7)

131

(9.1)

122

(10.1)

141

(10.1)

0.790

 

Metabolic Syndrome, n (%)

79

(6.0)

145

(12.0)

186

(12.9)

227

(18.9)

279

(20.0)

< 0.001

 

Glucose (mmol/L)

4.87

(0.47)

4.95

(0.49)

5.06

(0.52)

5.15

(0.54)

5.20

(0.53)

< 0.001

< 0.001

HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.58

(0.39)

1.48

(0.38)

1.44

(0.34)

1.39

(0.34)

1.36

(0.32)

< 0.001

< 0.001

LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.93

(0.79)

3.05

(0.83)

3.11

(0.82)

3.21

(0.82)

3.21

(0.79)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Triglycerides† (mmol/L)

0.92

 

1.02

 

1.08

 

1.23

 

1.35

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

Statins, n(%)

111

(8.4)

95

(7.9)

114

(7.9)

129

(10.7)

160

(11.5)

0.001

 

Fibrates, n(%)

9

(0.7)

13

(1.1)

12

(0.8)

20

(1.7)

12

(0.9)

0.116

 

Women (N = 3389)

1 st Quintile

2 nd Quintile

3 rd Quintile

4 th Quintile

5 th Quintile

ANOVA

P for linear trend

 

GGT<8

8≤GGT<11

11≤GGT<15

15≤GGT<19

19≤GGT≤28

P Value

 

N =

586

670

846

620

667

  

Age (years)

45

(10)

46

(11)

44

(11)

45

(10)

44

(11)

0.001

0.013

Waist (cm)

81

(11)

83

(12)

82

(12)

83

(11)

82

(12)

0.037

0.697

BMI (kg/m2)

25

(5)

26

(5)

25

(5)

26

(5)

25

(5)

0.047

0.636

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

73

(7)

74

(8)

74

(8)

74

(8)

73

(9)

0.028

0.323

Systolic BP (mmHg)

117

(15)

118

(16)

117

(16)

117

(15)

116

(15)

0.066

0.111

Alcohol consumption (glasses/week)

0.4

(1.0)

0.4

(1.0)

0.5

(1.2)

0.5

(1.1)

0.6

(1.2)

0.098

0.058

Exercise intensity (hours/week)

1.8

(2.7)

1.9

(2.6)

1.9

(2.7)

1.8

(3.1)

1.8

(2.3)

0.869

0.802

Smoking status, n (%)

          

0.515

 

   Current

107

(18.8)

137

(20.9)

165

(19.9)

106

(17.5)

113

(17.2)

  

   Former

105

(18.5)

127

(19.3)

150

(18.1)

130

(21.5)

139

(21.1)

  

Hypertension, n (%)

91

(15.5)

117

(17.5)

127

(15.0)

103

(16.6)

87

(13.0)

0.216

 

Anti-hypertensive medications, n(%)

53

(9.0)

51

(7.6)

59

(7.0)

51

(8.2)

35

(5.2)

0.101

 

Metabolic Syndrome, n (%)

56

(9.6)

96

(14.3)

158

(18.7)

158

(25.5)

177

(26.5)

< 0.001

 

Glucose (mmol/L)

4.83

(0.48)

4.96

(0.51)

5.03

(0.53)

5.15

(0.56)

5.16

(0.54)

< 0.001

< 0.001

HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.63

(0.38)

1.52

(0.38)

1.46

(0.37)

1.40

(0.34)

1.40

(0.36)

< 0.001

< 0.001

LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.87

(0.77)

3.03

(0.82)

3.11

(0.78)

3.20

(0.85)

3.15

(0.83)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Triglycerides† (mmol/L)

0.90

 

0.96

 

1.10

 

1.21

 

1.31

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

Statins, n(%)

40

(6.8)

58

(8.7)

43

(5.1)

44

(7.1)

36

(5.4)

0.046

 

Fibrates, n(%)

4

(0.7)

6

(0.9)

2

(0.2)

1

(0.2)

4

(0.6)

0.265

 
  1. * - Data are arithmetic means (S.D.) or N (%).
  2. † - Geometric means.
  3. List of abbreviations: GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840