Incremental cardiovascular costs and resource use associated with diabetes: an assessment of 29,863 patients in the US managed-care setting

Table 4 Mean direct medical costs and length of stay for the first recurrent cardiovascular hospitalization by first Recurrent cardiovascular event type and diabetic status

First Recurrent CV Event Type*	Patients with Diabetes^† (n = 5,501)			Patients without Diabetes^† (n = 24,362)
	No. of Patients	Cost of Hospitalization ^‡	Hospital LOS ^§	No. of Patients	Cost of Hospitalization ^‡	Hospital LOS ^§
All CV event types**	1,071	18,488 (22,014)	5.6 (12.6)	3,734	17,481 (22,895)	4.6 (7.3)
CABG	112	43,404 (28,686)	10.8 (33.6)	338	47,110 (39,612)	8.3 (7.1)
Other CV procedure	346	19,831 (14,867)	3.2 (2.3)	1,281	18,807 (15,588)	2.9 (2.6)
Myocardial infarction	106	22,854 (33,721)	8.2 (34.8)	332	22,125 (27,934)	5.1 (5.0)
Heart failure	168	14,031 (21,581)	7.5 (6.9)	363	14,398 (26,197)	5.7 (5.4)
Angina	18	8,016 (9,243)	3.9 (4.0)	72	8,477 (9,039)	3.2 (2.3)
Other IHD	554	21,445 (21,768)	4.3 (5.5)	2,316	18,038 (19,859)	3.6 (3.2)
Ischemic stroke	96	11,168 (8,687)	5.0 (4.0)	267	10,804 (10,594)	6.0 (8.3)
TIA/other CVA	64	7,501 (6,720)	10.0 (14.1)	179	9,195 (11,887)	12.8 (24.6)
PVD	25	23,146 (23,278)	7.6 (5.3)	61	14,788 (13,850)	4.9 (4.4)

CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CV, cardiovascular; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; IHD, ischemic heart disease; LOS, length of stay; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
*First recurrent hospitalization may be categorized into multiple events if it had both a cardiovascular diagnosis and procedure. ^†History of diabetes in the pre-index period. ^‡Costs are mean (SD) per patient in US$. ^§Length of stay is mean (SD) in days. **For t-test comparisons of all CV event patients with vs. without diabetes, cost of hospitalization: P = 0.20, hospital length of stay: P = 0.0008.

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