Table 2 Echocardiographic parameters of ZL (+/+) and ZDF (fa/fa) rats

Heart rate [bpm]

303 ± 13

301 ± 7

LV mass index [mg/g]

3.0 ± 0.14

2.8 ± 0.11

LV dimensions

ED lumen diameter [mm]

7.8 ± 0.2

7.9 ± 0.1

ES lumen diameter [mm]

3.2 ± 0.1

4.3 ± 0.1*

Diastolic WT [mm]

1.6 ± 0.03

1.7 ± 0.04

Systolic WT [mm]

3.3 ± 0.07

2.8 ± 0.06*

ED diameter [mm]

11.0 ± 0.2

11.1 ± 0.1

ES diameter [mm]

9.6 ± 0.4

10.2 ± 0.1

Systolic parameters

Fractional shortening [%]

58.7 ± 1.3

44.8 ± 1.2*

Ejection time [ms]

82.3 ± 1.8

89.9 ± 1.6*

MAPSE [mm]

2.1 ± 0.09

1.5 ± 0.06*

Cardiac index [ml/min/g]

0.29 ± 0.02

0.27 ± 0.02

Diastolic parameters

IVRT [ms]

26.7 ± 2.3

39.6 ± 2.3*

E deceleration time [ms]

38.4 ± 2.2

54.4 ± 3.0*

E wave [cm/s]

116.6 ± 4.2

98.7 ± 2.3*

E' [cm/s]

9.4 ± 0.3

8.4 ± 0.4^‡