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Table 2 Age-standardized trends in blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, diabetes, insulin and HOMA-IR, 1989–2004

From: Divergent fifteen-year trends in traditional and cardiometabolic risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in the Seychelles

 

Men

Women

Total

1989

2004

P

1989

2004

P

1989

2004

P

BP (mmHg)

         

   Systolic (mean)

133 (21)

131 (18)

ns

127 (23)

124 (19)

*

130 (22)

128 (19)

**

   Diastolic (mean)

87 (14)

85 (12)

*

83 (14)

81 (13)

ns

845 (14)

83 (12)

*

   <120/80

21

19

 

34

40

 

28

30

 

   120–139/80–89

35

42

 

33

35

 

33

38

 

   140–159/90–99

25

25

 

21

16

 

23

21

 

   160–169/100–109

17

12

 

10

8

 

14

10

 

   ≥180/110

2

2

 

2

1

 

2

1

 

   ≥140/90 or BP treatment

45

44

 

35

36

 

40

40

 

Medication for high BP

         

   Yes

7

21

***

11

26

***

9

24

***

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

         

   Mean

5.07 (1.10)

5.42 (1.26)

***

5.33 (1.18)

5.40 (1.20)

ns

5.20 (1.14)

5.41 (1.26)

***

   <5.2

60

50

 

48

49

 

55

48

 

   5.2–6.1

30

28

 

29

28

 

29

29

 

   6.2–7.9

9

20

 

20

20

 

15

20

 

   ≥8.0

1

2

 

3

3

 

2

3

 

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

         

   Mean

1.43 (0.51)

1.35 (0.53)

*

1.38 (0.36)

1.36 (0.41)

ns

1.40 (0.44)

1.36 (0.47)

*

   <1.0

16

26

 

12

16

 

14

21

 

   1.0–1.4

49

43

 

57

50

 

53

47

 

   ≥1.5

35

31

 

31

34

 

33

32

 

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

         

   Median

0.81

0.90

**

0.75

0.80

ns

0.78

0.80

**

   >1.7

12

18

 

6

8

 

9

13

 

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

         

   Mean

3.17 (1.09)

3.54 (1.25)

***

3.55 (1.10)

3.61 (1.16)

ns

3.36 (1.11)

3.58 (1.20)

***

   ≥3.4

37

50

 

52

53

 

44

52

 

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l)

         

   Mean

5.21 (1.72)

6.03 (2.13)

***

5.24 (2.19)

5.75 (1.81)

***

5.22 (1.97)

5.89

***

   <5.6

76

60

 

78

73

 

77

67

 

   5.6–6.9

18

31

 

16

19

 

17

25

 

   ≥7.0

5.9

9.2

 

5.8

7.9

 

5.8

8.5

 

   ≥7.0 or diabetes treatment

6.2

9.6

***

6.2

9.1

***

6.2

9.4

***

Medication for diabetes

         

   Yes

1.4

4.3

*

2.0

5.8

*

1.7

5.0

**

Fasting insulin (μmol/ml)

         

   Median

6.8

10.5

***

9.3

12.7

***

8.3

11.6

***

HOMA-IR

         

   Median

1.6

2.7

***

2.0

3.1

**

1.8

2.9

***

   ≥4.0 (upper quartile)

8

27

***

13

33

***

11

30

***

  1. Results are presented as percentage (prevalence), mean or median.
  2. ns: not statistically significant; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

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