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Table 2 Parameter estimates of the risk score for heart failure hospitalisation in the training dataset.

From: Development and validation of a risk score for hospitalization for heart failure in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

 

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Variables†

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

P value

Estimates of β values

S.E.M

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

P value

Variables used in the predicting model

      

Age, per year

1.10(1.08–1.12)

<.0001

0.0709

0.0107

1.07(1.05–1.10)

<.0001

Body mass index, per kg/m2

1.01(0.97–1.05)

0.6568

0.0627

0.0286

1.07(1.01–1.13)

0.0282

Glycated haemoglobin, per %

1.16(1.07–1.25)

0.0003

0.1363

0.0550

1.15(1.03–1.28)

0.0132

Log10(1+spot urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, per mg/mmol)

4.50(3.65–5.54)

<.0001

0.9915

0.1409

2.70(2.32–3.55)

<.0001

Blood haemoglobin, per g/dL

0.61(0.55–0.68)

<.0001

-0.3606

0.0684

0.70(0.61–0.80)

0.0001

Coronary heart disease during follow-up (1. yes, 0. no)

3.61(2.24–5.81)

<.0001

0.8161

0.2675

2.26(1.26–4.05)

0.0061

Variables not used in the predicting model

      

Duration of diabetes, per year

1.07(1.05–1.09)

<.0001

  

Not selected

 

Glomerular filtration rate, per ml min-1 1.73 m-2

0.97(0.96–0.97)

<.0001

  

Not selected

 

Systolic blood pressure, per mmHg

1.03(1.02–1.04)

<.0001

  

Not selected

 

Diastolic blood pressure, per mmHg

1.01(0.99–1.02)

0.5640

  

Not selected

 

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, per mmol/L

1.12(0.94–1.33)

0.2155

  

Not selected

 

High density lipoprotein cholesterol, per mmol/L

0.80(0.48–1.34)

0.3976

  

Not selected

 

Triglyceride, per mmol/L

1.04 (0.96–1.12)

0.3665

  

Not selected

 

Smoking status

    

Not selected

 

   Current smokers

0.62(0.37–1.02)

0.0592

    

   Ex-smokers

1.96(1.28–3.01)

0.0020

    

   Never

1.0

     

Use of oral anti-diabetic drugs at baseline

1.04(0.73–1.47)

0.8471

  

Not selected

 

Use of anti-hypertensive drugs at baseline

3.98(2.79–5.67)

<.0001

  

Not selected

 

Use of LLD at baseline

1.88(1.16–3.09)

0.0112

  

Not selected

 

Use of ACEI or ARB at baseline

2.44(1.66–3.59)

<.0001

  

Not selected

 

Use of insulin at baseline

3.59(2.52–5.10)

<.0001

  

Not selected

 
  1. †, Sex-stratified Cox model was used to obtain estimates of β values and hazard rato of predctors for heart failure. χ2 test for likelihood ratio test = 234.60, Degree of freedom = 6, p < 0.0001 and the shrinkage of the model is = (234.60-6)/274.66 = 0.9744; Not selected indiates not selected by the backward algorithm at the significant levelt of 0.05.
  2. CI, confidence interval; LLD, lipid lowering drugs; ACEI, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840