Table 2 Characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients included in the study
Variable | In vitro study | In vivo study | |
|---|---|---|---|
Saxagliptin | Controls | ||
Number | 20 | 5 | 5 |
Age, years | 65.2 ± 2.3 | 67.4 ± 2.6 | 66.1 ± 1.1 |
Sex male, % | 65.0 | 80.0 | 60.0 |
Risk factors | Â | Â | Â |
  BMI, kg/m2 | 30.3 ± 2.1 | 29.1 ± 1.9 | 28.7 ± 2.1 |
  Waist circumference, cm | 104.8 ± 3.9 | 102.8 ± 4.0 | 103.7 ± 5.1 |
  Diabetes duration, years | 11.3 ± 4.2 | 9.8 ± 3.6 | 12.4 ± 5.3 |
  Fasting glucose, mg/dl (mmol/l) | 166.2 ± 8.1 | 141.2 ± 6.7 | 138.8 ± 4.5 |
(9.2 ± 0.5) | (7.8 ± 0.4) | (7.7 ± 0.2) | |
  HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 8.4 ± 1.1 | 7.6 ± 1.6 | 7.8 ± 1.2 |
(68.3 ± 9.0) | (59.6 ± 12.5) | (61.7 ± 9.5) | |
  Hypertension, % | 75.0 | 80.0 | 100.0 |
  Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 138.1 ± 3.2 | 137.4 ± 4.2 | 140.1 ± 3.5 |
  Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 86.7 ± 2.7 | 82.4 ± 3.8 | 84.5 ± 4.6 |
  Total cholesterol, mg/dl (mmol/l) | 188.2 ± 5.1 | 172.5 ± 4.9 | 185.4 ± 6.7 |
(4.9 ± 0.1) | (4.4 ± 0.1) | (4.8 ± 0.1) | |
  HDL cholesterol, mg/dl (mmol/l) | 46.6 ± 2.2 | 48.2 ± 1.1 | 46.9 ± 0.8 |
(1.2 ± 0.1) | (1.2 ± 0.02) | (1.3 ± 0.02) | |
  LDL cholesterol, mg/dl (mmol/l) | 98.1 ± 4.9 | 81.2 ± 3.2 | 88.4 ± 2.9 |
(2.5 ± 0.1) | (2.1 ± 0.1) | (2.7 ± 0.07) | |
  Triglycerides, mg/dl (mmol/l) | 149.3 ± 12.4 | 162.1 ± 14.8 | 138.2 ± 16.3 |
(1.7 ± 0.1) | (1.8 ± 0.2) | (1.6 ± 0.2) | |
  Smoke, % | 15.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 |
Complications | Â | Â | Â |
  Coronary artery disease, % | 25.0 | 20.0 | 0.0 |
  Peripheral vascular disease, % | 20.0 | 40.0 | 20.0 |
  Cerebrovascular disease, % | 40.0 | 40.0 | 20.0 |
  Retinopathy, % | 20.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 |
  Nephropathy, % | 25.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
  eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 mq | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Therapy | Â | Â | Â |
  Insulin therapy, % | 50.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 |
  Oral therapy, % | 45.0 | 100.0 | 80.0 |
  Diet alone, % | 10.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 |
  ACE inhibitors/ARBs, % | 80.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 |
  Statin, % | 65.0 | 60.0 | 80.0 |