Figure 3

High glucose increases Smad2 phosphorylation in H9c2 cells. This occurred in a time dependent manner at two different concentration of glucose (a). HG induced Smad2 acetylation as did TGF-β stimulation (b). Smad7, an inhibitory Smad, increases as TGF-β/Smad activity increases. HG induced TGF-β activity, assessed by Smad7 mRNA. Both p300 siRNA or curcumin reduced Smad7 mRNA, suggesting a reduction in TGF-β activity (c). (*p < 0.05 c/w NG, ^†p < 0.05 c/w 1 h, ^#‡p < 0.05 c/w HG scrambled).