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Table 1 CVD risk factors in study subjects

From: Hemoglobin A1c variability as an independent correlate of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study

Variables

CVD no

CVD yes

P

n (%)

6,157 (74.3)

2,133 (25.7)

 

Males (%)

3,300 (53.6)

1,426 (66.9)

<0.0001

Age, years

66.4±10.0

69.6±9.3

<0.0001

67 (60–73)

70 (63–76)

Age at diabetes diagnosis, years

52.0±10.6

51.2±10.9

0.003

52 (45–59)

51 (44–58)

Diabetes duration, years

14.5±10.0

18.4±10.4

<0.0001

12 (6–21)

18 (10–26)

Smoking, n (%)

  

<0.0001

  Never

3,478 (56.5)

1,006 (47.2)

 

  Former

1,739 (28.2)

817 (38.3)

 

  Current

940 (15.3)

310 (14.5)

 

Current HbA 1c , %

7.57±1.36

7.86±1.40

<0.0001

7.42 (6.70-8.28)

7.66 (6.92-8.59)

HbA 1c -MEAN, %

7.63±1.19

7.88±1.21

<0.0001

7.49 (6.81-8.31)

7.78 (7.04-8.56)

HbA 1c -SD, %

0.59±0.48

0.60±0.47

0.105

0.46 (0.28-0.73)

0.47 (0.29-0.75)

HbA 1c -CV, %

7.57±5.52

7.45±5.17

0.936

6.06 (3.94-9.37)

6.17 (3.96-9.33)

Adj-HbA 1c -SD, %

0.52±0.42

0.53±0.41

0.058

0.40 (0.26-0.67)

0.42 (0.26-0.67)

BMI, kg/m 2

   

  Males

28.2±4.3

28.6±4.5

0.017

27.7 (25.2-30.6)

28.1 (25.4-31.0)

  Females

29.4±5.7

29.5±5.8

0.820

28.7 (25.5-32.5)

28.8 (25.5-32.8)

Triglycerides, mmol/l

1.52±0.90

1.58±0.94

0.016

1.30 (0.95-1.83)

1.35 (0.98-1.92)

Total cholesterol, mmol/l

4.82±0.93

4.56±0.95

<0.0001

4.76 (4.20-5.39)

4.77 (3.91-5.12)

HDL cholesterol, mmol/l

   

  Males

1.25±0.33

1.19±0.31

<0.0001

1.22 (1.01-1.45)

1.14 (0.97-1.35)

  Females

1.41±0.37

1.33±0.33

<0.0001

1.35 (1.14-1.59)

1.28 (1.09-1.52)

LDL cholesterol, mmol/l

2.81±0.80

2.61±0.81

<0.0001

2.77 (2.36-4.01)

2.54 (2.05-3.07)

Non-HDL cholesterol, mmol/l

3.50±0.90

3.33±0.90

<0.0001

3.42 (2.82-3.98)

3.22 (2.69-3.83)

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

5,032 (81.7)

1,871 (87.7)

<0.0001

Systolic BP, mmHg

139.8±18.0

138.9±19.1

0.050

140 (130–150)

140 (125–150)

Diastolic BP, mmHg

78.9±9.1

77.4±9.4

<0.0001

80 (71–85)

80 (70–82)

Hypertension, n (%)

5,121 (83.2)

1,987 (93.2)

<0.0001

  1. Prevalence of CVD risk factors in individuals with or without prior CVD event(s). Values are mean±SD and median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables; P values for comparison between groups using the Student’s t test for parametric or the corresponding Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric (HbA1c-SD, HbA1c-CV, Adj- HbA1c-SD, and triglycerides) continuous variables, and the χ2 test for categorical variables.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840