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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study subjects

From: Differential impact of metabolic syndrome on subclinical atherosclerosis according to the presence of diabetes

Characteristics

No diabetes

p

Type 2 diabetes

p

Total (n = 2149)

No metabolic syndrome (n = 1482)

Metabolic syndrome (n = 667)

Total (n = 411)

No metabolic syndrome (n = 126)

Metabolic syndrome (n = 285)

Age (years)

60 ± 8

59 ± 8

62 ± 7

<0.001

63 ± 8 *

63 ± 7

63 ± 8

0.354

Men, n (%)

638 (30%)

428 (29%)

210 (32%)

0.222

204 (50%) *

68 (54%)

136 (48%)

0.243

Waist circumference (cm)

83 ± 8

81 ± 8

88 ± 7

<0.001

88 ± 8 *

81 ± 7

90 ± 8

<0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.7 ± 2.9

24.0 ± 2.7

26.3 ± 2.8

<0.001

25.5 ± 3.2 *

23.3 ± 2.2

26.5 ± 3.1

<0.001

Smoking, n (%)

521 (24%)

336 (23)

185 (28%)

0.011

174 (42%) *

52 (41%)

122 (43%)

0.771

Heart rate (bpm)

66 ± 9

66 ± 9

67 ± 10

0.080

70 ± 10 *

69 ± 10

70 ± 10

0.304

SBP (mmHg)

122 ± 15

119 ± 14

128 ± 15

<0.001

128 ± 15 *

124 ± 15

130 ± 15

<0.001

DBP (mmHg)

74 ± 10

72 ± 9

77 ± 10

<0.001

76 ± 10 *

73 ± 9

77 ± 10

<0.001

Antihypertensive drugs, n (%)

843 (39%)

416 (28%)

427 (64%)

<0.001

251 (61%) *

46 (37%)

205 (72%)

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

202 ± 35

202 ± 35

200 ± 35

0.379

187 ± 39 *

185 ± 34

187 ± 41

0.493

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

126 ± 67

105 ± 47

173 ± 80

<0.001

144 ± 85 *

96 ± 34

165 ± 92

<0.001

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

55 ± 15

59 ± 14

46 ± 12

<0.001

50 ± 13 *

57 ± 11

47 ± 13

<0.001

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

124 ± 32

124 ± 32

124 ± 33

0.929

110 ± 35 *

109 ± 31

111 ± 36

0.524

Lipid lowering drugs, n (%)

571 (27%)

384 (26%)

187 (28%)

0.302

149 (36%) *

45 (36%)

104 (37%)

0.880

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.78 ± 0.18

0.78 ± 0.18

0.79 ± 0.18

0.029

0.82 ± 0.22 *

0.81 ± 0.24

0.83 ± 0.21

0.464

FBS (mg/dL)

95 ± 9

93 ± 8

100 ± 10

<0.001

132 ± 33 *

128 ± 36

133 ± 32

0.187

Antidiabetic treatments, n (%)

-

-

-

-

347 (84%) *

112 (89%)

235 (83%)

0.097

Duration of diabetes (months)

-

-

-

-

117 ± 91

131 ± 102

110 ± 85

0.058

baPWV (cm/s)

1476 ± 250

1438 ± 230

1562 ± 271

<0.001

1641 ± 284 *

1609 ± 273

1655 ± 288

0.133

Carotid IMT (mm)

0.76 ± 0.20

0.73 ± 0.19

0.81 ± 0.22

<0.001

0.84 ± 0.26 *

0.83 ± 0.25

0.84 ± 0.26

0.773

Carotid plaques, n (%)

453 (21%)

273 (18%)

180 (27%)

<0.001

148 (36%) *

51 (41%)

97 (34%)

0.222

  1. Data are expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD. baPWV, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IMT, intima–medial thickness; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure. *p < 0.001 vs. no diabetes.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840