Influencing factors on cardiac structure and function beyond glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Variable	Controls (n = 68)	Patients with T2DM (n = 148)	p value
Demographics
Age, year	56 ± 11	58 ± 12	0.16
Men/Women	45/23	95/53	0.72
Systolic BP, mm Hg	118 ± 11	126 ± 17	<0.001
Diastolic BP, mm Hg	71 ± 7	68 ± 10	<0.001
Heart rate, bpm	62 ± 9	71 ± 10	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m²	22.6 ± 2.6	26.1 ± 5.5	<0.001
Body surface area, m²	1.66 ± 0.16	1.76 ± 0.38	0.002
Disease duration, months	0	121 ± 93
Waist/Hip ratio	-	0.89 ± 0.20
Comorbidity
Hypertension, n (%)	0	71 (48%)
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	0	93 (63%)
Cerebral vascular disease, n (%)	0	9 (6%)
ASO, n (%)	0	4 (3%)
Smoking, n (%)	-	68 (46%)
Medications	0	101 (68%)
Sulfonylureas, n (%)	0	57 (38%)
Biguanide, n (%)	0	56 (38%)
α-glucocitase inhibitor, n (%)	0	37 (25%)
Pioglitazone, n (%)	0	22 (15%)
Insulin, n (%)	0	45 (30%)
DPP-4 inhibitor, n (%)	0	21 (14%)
GLP-1 analog, n (%)	0	4 (3%)

BP, blood pressure; ASO, atherosclerotic obliterance; DPP-4, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4.
Data are expressed as mean ± SD it as number (percentage).

ISSN: 1475-2840