Table 1 Baseline characteristics and biochemical assessment in patients with chronic total occlusion
| Â | Â | Non-diabetes | Â | Â | Diabetes | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Collateralization | Low | High | P value | Low | High | P value |
Number of patients | n = 22 | n = 95 |  | n = 118 | n = 199 |  |
Female, n (%) | 12 (54.5) | 12 (12.6) | < 0.001 | 41 (34.7) | 27 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
Age, y | 68 ± 11.1 | 62.4 ± 10.4 | 0.03 | 66.5 ± 10.1 | 64.6 ± 11.1 | 0.12 |
Age > 65y | 16 (72.7) | 33 (34.7) | 0.001 | 76 (64.4) | 80 (40.2) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index, Kg/m2 | 25.3 ± 2.8 | 24.8 ± 3.0 | 0.53 | 25.8 ± 3.4 | 25.1 ± 3.4 | 0.07 |
Smoke, n (%) | 8 (36.4) | 47 (49.5) | 0.27 | 46 (39.0) | 71 (35.7) | 0.56 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 10 (45.5) | 69 (72.6) | 0.01 | 77 (65.3) | 157 (78.9) | 0.008 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 15 (68.2) | 37 (38.9) | 0.01 | 67 (56.8) | 81 (40.7) | 0.006 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 142.3 ± 18.3 | 139.6 ± 17.0 | 0.51 | 140.5 ± 18.7 | 139.9 ± 17.1 | 0.76 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 86.4 ± 13.6 | 84.4 ± 8.1 | 0.53 | 84.1 ± 10.4 | 84.3 ± 9.1 | 0.86 |
Durration of diabetes, y | / | / | / | 8.8 ± 4.6 | 5.7 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.4 ± 0.7 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 0.03 | 5.9 ± 1.8 | 5.5 ± 1.5 | 0.049 |
HbA1c,% | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 6.3 ± 0.5 | 0.86 | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 0.27 |
Glycated albumin,% | 19.1 ± 4.6 | 18.4 ± 5.2 | 0.54 | 21.2 ± 6.5 | 18.7 ± 5.6 | < 0.001 |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 0.49 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 0.36 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 0.08 | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 4.1 ± 1.2 | 0.009 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.10 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.10 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 0.15 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 0.045 |
Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 12 (54.5) | 42 (44.2) | 0.38 | 106 (89.8) | 148 (74.4) | 0.001 |
Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 1.7 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 0.82 | 5.3 ± 2.3 | 5.1 ± 1.6 | 0.40 |
Uric acid, mmol/L | 354.5 ± 59.4 | 337.0 ± 83.7 | 0.36 | 353.3 ± 84.6 | 329.7 ± 77.4 | 0.01 |
Creatinine, μmol/L | 85.2 ± 17.1 | 76.4 ± 22.3 | 0.08 | 89.7 ± 22.5 | 76.8 ± 23.7 | < 0.001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 80.9 ± 24.3 | 104.3 ± 26.3 | < 0.001 | 80.5 ± 21.5 | 102.4 ± 24.1 | < 0.001 |
Number of significant CAD | Â | Â | 0.25 | Â | Â | 0.30 |
1-vessel | 8 (36.4) | 19 (20.0) | Â | 30 (25.4) | 38 (19.1) | Â |
2-vessel | 9 (40.9) | 46 (48.4) | Â | 40 (33.9) | 82 (41.2) | Â |
3-vessel | 5 (22.7) | 30 (31.6) | Â | 48 (40.7) | 79 (39.7) | Â |
Medication, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
ACE inhibitors | 7 (31.8) | 33 (34.7) | 0.80 | 63 (53.4) | 106 (53.3) | 0.98 |
β-blockers | 11 (50.0) | 28 (29.5) | 0.07 | 44 (37.3) | 78 (39.2) | 0.74 |
Calcium channel blockers | 7 (31.8) | 20 (21.1) | 0.28 | 32 (27.1) | 51 (25.6) | 0.77 |
Nitrates | 5 (22.7) | 35 (36.8) | 0.21 | 69 (58.5) | 127 (63.8) | 0.34 |
Statins* | 18 (81.2) | 82 (86.3) | 0.89 | 98 (83.7) | 166 (83.3) | 0.99 |
Anti-diabetic treatment | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | / | 92 (78.0) | 170 (85.4) | 0.09 |