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Table 3 Blood pressure variables given as adjusted estimated means for type 1 diabetes patients

From: 24-hour central aortic systolic pressure and 24-hour central pulse pressure are related to diabetic complications in type 1 diabetes – a cross-sectional study

 

Controls

Normoalbuminuria

Elevated albuminuria

Controls vs. short duration, normo-albuminuria

Long duration, normo-vs. micro- vs. macroalbuminuria

  

Short duration

Long duration

Micro

Macro

p

p

n = 86

n = 69

n = 211

n = 163

n = 186

24 h-CASP (mmHg)

117 (116–119)

118 (117–119)

119 (118–120)

121 (120–121)

122 (121–122)

0.39

<0.001

Daytime CASP (mmHg)

122 (120–123)

122 (121–123)

121 (121–122)

123 (123–124)

125 (124–126)

0.60

<0.001

Nighttime CASP (mmHg)

109 (107–111)

110 (109–112)

112 (111–114)

114 (113–115)

116 (115–117)

0.30

<0.001

Office CASP (mmHg)

110 (107–112)

111 (109–113)

119 (117–121)

120 (118–122)

118 (115–120)

0.44

0.41

24 h-CPP (mmHg)

38 (36–40)

39 (37–41)

43 (42–44)

46 (44–47)

47 (46–49)

0.59

<0.001

Daytime CPP (mmHg)

39 (37–41)

40 (38–41)

43 (42–45)

46 (45–48)

48 (46–49)

0.74

<0.001

Nighttime CPP (mmHg)

36 (34–38)

37 (35–39)

41 (40–43)

44 (43–45)

46 (44–47)

0.54

<0.001

24 h brachial SBP (mmHg)

126 (125–128)

126 (125–128)

128 (126–129)

130 (127–131)

131 (130–132)

0.98

<0.001

Daytime brachial SBP (mmHg)

132 (129–134)

132 (130–134)

132 (130–134)

134 (133–135)

135 (134–136)

0.90

0.001

Nighttime brachial SBP (mmHg)

116 (114–118)

117 (115–119)

119 (118–121)

122 (120–123)

123 (122–125)

0.56

0.001

24 h-MAP (mmHg)

92 (89–95)

92 (90–95)

95 (94–97)

92 (90–93)

92 (90–94)

0.80

0.004

24 h heart rate (beats per minute)

65 (63–67)

67 (66–69)

72 (70–73)

70 (68–71)

73 (71–74)

0.08

0.005

  1. Estimated marginal means with 95% confidence intervals. P-values are for adjusted comparisons (ANCOVA) of controls to patients with short duration of normoalbuminuria or for comparison between patients with longstanding normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Adjustments were made for gender, age, 24 h-MAP (except for 24 h-MAP), 24 h HR, eGFR and smoking. Adjustments also included HbA1c and antihypertensive treatment when comparing patients with normoalbuminuria and long diabetes duration, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria.
  2. CASP: central aortic systolic pressure, CPP: central pulse pressure, SBP: systolic blood pressure, MAP: mean arterial pressure, microalbuminuria: 30-299 mg/24 h, macroalbuminuria > 300 mg/24 h.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840