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Table 2 Patient characteristics in subgroups with respect to both the presence of peripheral artery disease and the presence of the metabolic syndrome

From: Insulin resistance is significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome, but not with sonographically proven peripheral arterial disease

 

PAD+/MetS+ (n = 57)

PAD+/MetS- (n = 157)

PAD-/MetS+ (n = 55)

PAD-/MetS- (n = 142)

p-value

Age (years)

64.9 ± 10

67.5 ± 10

62.7 ± 12

60.8 ± 10

<0.001

Male gender (%)

70.2

74.5

34.5

38.0

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

30.1 ± 5

25.9 ± 4

27.7 ± 4

28.8 ± 6

<0.001

Waist-to-hip ratio

1.0 ± 0.8

0.9 ± 0.8

1.0 ± 0.6

0.9 ± 0.7

<0.001

Waist circumference (m)

108.2 ± 11

97.9 ± 12

107.9 ± 10

95.3 ± 13

<0.001

Hypertension (%)

96.5

78.3

52.7

59.9

<0.001

Smoking (%)

84.2

84.7

47.3

51.4

<0.001

Type 2 Diabetes (%)

68.4

30.6

40.0

16.2

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

180.6 ± 46

180.1 ± 41

197.6 ± 50

202.9 ± 45

<0.001

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

107.6 ± 41

109.6 ± 37

133.7 ± 42

131.9 ± 39

<0.001

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

44.5 ± 15

54.5 ± 16

49.8 ± 15

64.5 ± 20

<0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

218.4 ± 142

129.1 ± 79

197.5 ± 99

115.7 ± 70

<0.001

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)

144.6 ± 68

103.4 ± 27

133.9 ± 61

96.7 ± 22

<0.001

Fasting insulin (μU/ml)

17.1 ± 11

13.1 ± 16

16.9 ±13

9.3 ± 6

<0.001

Postchallenge glucose (mg/dl)

205.1 ± 94

132.9 ± 53

113.5 ± 53

130.3 ± 72

<0.001

HbA1c (DCCT) (%)

7.3 ± 2

5.9 ± 0.8

6.6 ± 2

5.7 ± 0.7

<0.001

HbA1c (IFCC) (mmol/mol)

56 ± 2

41 ± 15

49 ± 2

39 ± 16

<0.001

Apolipoprotein A1 (mg/dl)

147.3 ± 34

158.1 ± 35

146.5 ± 26

164.7 ± 32

<0.001

Apolipoprotein B (mg/dl)

85.5 ± 11

77.6 ± 21

92.3 ± 26

82.8 ± 22

<0.001

CRP (mg/dl)

1.3 ± 3

0.9 ± 2

0.4 ± 0.5

0.3 ± 0.5

<0.001

Leukocytes (109/l)

7.3 ± 2

7.4 ± 2

6.4 ± 2

6.6 ± 2

0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

151.1 ± 21

140.0 ± 21

140.5 ± 14

131.1 ± 19

<0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

84.3 ± 11

78.2 ± 12

86.1 ± 8

80.3 ± 9

<0.001

  1. BMI denotes body mass index, LDL low density lipoprotein, HDL high density lipoprotein, MetS metabolic syndrome and PAD peripheral artery disease; postchallenge glucose is plasma glucose at 2 h after an oral 75 g glucose load. To convert values for fasting plasma glucose to mmol/l multiply by 0.0555, to convert values for triglycerides to mmol/l multiply by 0.0113 and to convert total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol to mmol/l multiply by 0.0259; p-values are given for the all overall difference between study groups.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840