Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
From: Adiponectin, diabetes and ischemic heart failure: a challenging relationship
Variable | Total n=150 | ND Group n=84 | D Group n=66 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 68.8±10.8 | 67.6±12.6 | 70.2±7.6 | 0.143 |
Female | 13% | 14% | 12% | 0.699 |
BMI (Kg/m 2 ) | 26.7±4 | 25.2±3.4 | 28.8±4.2 | 0.001 |
History of angina | 42% | 36% | 52% | 0.060 |
Previous ACS | 79.6% | 82% | 79% | 0.500 |
Previous PTCA | 75% | 73.6% | 80.1% | 0.307 |
Previous CABG | 27.6% | 27.3% | 28.8% | 0.921 |
Atrial fibrillation | 17.8% | 13.1% | 24.2% | 0.084 |
Hypertension | 69.7% | 66.7% | 75.8% | 0.267 |
Dyslipidemia | 69.7% | 70.2% | 71.2 | 0.986 |
Smoking | 63% | 51.2% | 80% | 0.001 |
COPD | 12.5% | 11.9% | 13.6% | 0.773 |
NYHA class III-IV | 19.4% | 15.5% | 13.6% | 0.982 |
Boston score | 2.5±3.4 | 2.7±3.7 | 2.2±3.1 | 0.345 |
6-min walk test (m) | 430.3±170.3 | 458±180.9 | 395.8±150.8 | 0.031 |
Index Disease Severity (IDS) score | 3.7±2.5 | 2.7±2.1 | 4.9±2.3 | 0.345 |
GDS score | 7.4±5.2 | 7.1±5.2 | 7.7±5.3 | 0.493 |
Third heart sound | 5% | 7% | 3% | 0.259 |
Peripheral edema | 16.9% | 10% | 24% | 0.016 |
Jugular vein distention | 11.9% | 11.9% | 12.1% | 0.989 |
Pericardial fat (mm) | 7.9±3.1 | 7.2±2.8 | 8.4±3.4 | 0.041 |
Myocardial mass | 129.6±35.3 | 130.2±33,9 | 128.9±37.3 | 0.835 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 43.9±15 | 41.3±14.5 | 47.3±15.6 | 0.017 |
Trans-tricuspid gradient (mmHg) | 19.9±13.6 | 21±14 | 18.5±12.9 | 0.263 |
Glycaemia (mg/dl) | 118.5±45 | 94.5±11.9 | 149.7±52.7 | 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.6±1.5 | 13.7±1.5 | 13.4±1.5 | 0.202 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.64±1.27 | 5.9±0.3 | 7.6±1.4 | 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min) | 71.3±25.1 | 67.8±21.2 | 75.8±28.8 | 0.058 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 170.1±41.8 | 171.9±39.6 | 167.9±44.7 | 0.576 |
HDL (mg/dl) | 43.8±11.5 | 43.1±10.3 | 44.8±13 | 0.363 |
ESR (mm/h) | 33±25.2 | 36.1±27.4 | 29.1±21.6 | 0.101 |
TSH (mU/l) | 2.1±3.7 | 2.9±4.2 | 2.2±3 | 0.786 |
Albumin (g/dl) | 5.1±0.8 | 3.9±0.4 | 3.7±0.4 | 0.147 |
NT-proBNP (ng/ml) | 2101.9±4246.6 | 2066.8±3243.2 | 2071.4±5300.1 | 0.995 |
ACE/ARB | 89.5% | 88% | 93.9% | 0.222 |
Beta-blockers | 82.2% | 86.9% | 78.8% | 0.185 |
Digitalis | 19.7% | 19% | 21.2% | 0.742 |
Aldosterone blockers | 25% | 33.3% | 15.2% | 0.011 |
Loop diuretics | 53.3% | 52.4% | 56.1% | 0.654 |
Nitrates | 29.6% | 31% | 28.8% | 0.774 |
Statins | 78.3% | 85.7% | 71.2% | 0.029 |
Warfarin | 15.1% | 15.5% | 15.2% | 0.956 |
Aspirin | 84.2% | 88% | 81.8% | 0.281 |
Clopidogrel | 40.1% | 50% | 28.8% | 0.009 |